April 30 1861 Tuesday
Indian Territory. US President Abraham Lincoln ordered the evacuation of US troops from the Indian Nations’, leaving the Five Civilised (or slaveholding) Tribes exposed to Confederate influence. The main aim was to make more efficient use of the Regular Army and to reduce commitments to Frontier garrisons. In due course, the Confederates secured the allegiance of the Cherokee Nation, the Chickasaw Nation, the Choctaw Nation, the Creek Nation, and the Seminole Nation.
Indian Territory. Fort Washita, the major US Army post in the Indian Territory, was abandoned by Lieutenant-Colonel William Hemsley Emory (1st US Cavalry) and the garrison marched north towards Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
Louisiana. The USS Powhatan arrived off the Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River with the first elements of a blockading fleet. The arrival of these vessels occurred much earlier than had been anticipated in New Orleans, and neutral shipping rushed to vacate the port after a fifteen-day grace period was announced.
Texas. Major Caleb C Sibley’s detachment of paroled US troops set sail from Texas for New York.
Union Organisation
Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln
Vice-President: Hannibal Hamlin
Secretary of War: Simon Cameron
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles
Pacific Squadron: John Berrien Montgomery
Potomac Flotilla: James Harmon Ward
General–in-Chief: Winfield Scott
Department of Annapolis: Benjamin Franklin Butler awaited
Department of the East: John Ellis Wool
Department of Florida: Harvey Brown
Department of New Mexico: William Wing Loring
Department of the Pacific: Edwin Vose Sumner awaited
- District of Oregon: George Wright
Department of Pennsylvania: Robert Patterson
Department of Texas: Vacant
Department of Utah: Philip St George Cooke
Department of Washington: Joseph King Fenno Mansfield
Department of the West: Edmund Brooke Alexander temporary
Confederate Organisation
Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis
Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of War: Leroy Pope Walker
Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory
Department of Alexandria: Philip St George Cocke
- Alexandria Line: Philip St George Cocke
Department of North Carolina: Theophilus Hunter Holmes
- Defences of North Carolina: Theophilus Hunter Holmes
Department of South Carolina: Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
- “Forces in Charleston”: Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Department of Texas: Earl Van Dorn
Department of West Florida: Braxton Bragg
- “Forces in Pensacola”: Braxton Bragg
District of Louisiana: David Emanuel Twiggs
- “Forces in New Orleans” “Army of Louisiana”: Braxton Bragg
Defences of Savannah: Alexander Robert Lawton
Potomac Line: Daniel Ruggles
“Forces in Harper’s Ferry”: Thomas Jonathan Jackson
“Forces in Norfolk”: Walter Gwynn
Forces in Richmond: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Union Generals
Major-General USA
Winfield Scott
Brigadier-General USA
John Ellis Wool
William Selby Harney
Edwin Vose Sumner
Confederate Generals
Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission
Major-General PACS
David Emanuel Twiggs
Brigadier-General ACSA
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Braxton Bragg
Brigadier-General PACS
Alexander Robert Lawton
Milledge Lake Bonham
American Civil War High Command 