1865 March 19th

March 19 1865 Sunday

Battle of Bentonville, NC

Siege of Petersburg
Sherman’s Carolinas Campaign – North Carolina
Mobile Campaign

Go to March 20 1865

Florida Skirmish at Saunders.

Florida Skirmish at Welaka.

Florida. Union Major-General Frederick Steele left Pensacola with 13,000 men to attack Fort Blakely, near Mobile, Alabama. They marched through Stockton in heavy rain and were almost unimpeded by the enemy under Confederate Brigadier-General Randall Lee Gibson until they approached their target on 1 April 1865.

Missouri. Reconnaissance from Warrensburg to Greenton and Columbus began.

Nevada Territory. Expedition from Fort Churchill to Pyramid Lake and Walker’s Lake ended.

North Carolina. Skirmish at Cox’s Bridge on the Neuse River.

North Carolina. Skirmish at the Neuse River Bridge near Goldsboro.

Bentonville, North Carolina. Union Major-General William Tecumseh Sherman’s armies continued to march towards Goldsboro in two columns to rendezvous with Major-General John McAllister Schofield and Major-General Alfred Terry who were approaching from the coast. Sherman rode overnight from the Union Left Wing (XIV and XX Corps of the Army of Georgia commanded by Major-General Henry Warner Slocum) to join Major-General Oliver Otis Howard’s Right Wing for the crossing of the Neuse River and the approach to Goldsboro. Howard’s column was strung out along difficult waterlogged roads and had only reached Falling Creek, where the roads from Fayetteville and Averasboro met. This was four miles short of the planned destination of Cox’s Bridge. Howard made camp twenty miles from Goldsboro, to await Slocum’s arrival and to allow his own two corps to close up their ranks. Whereas Slocum had been delayed temporarily at Averasboro by Lieutenant-General William Joseph Hardee’s Confederate troops, Howard had marched more directly and against little opposition and was now nine miles to the southeast of Bentonville.
Confederate maps erroneously showed that the two Union wings were twelve miles apart and beyond mutual supporting distance along the muddy roads. Confederate General Joseph Eggleston Johnston planned to concentrate his entire army against Slocum’s wing to defeat it and to destroy its trains before it could join Howard’s column. Johnston’s force numbered 6,500 men under General Braxton Bragg, 4,000 men of the Army of the Tennessee under Lieutenant-General Alexander Peter Stewart, 7,500 men with Lieutenant-General William Joseph Hardee, and 3,000 cavalrymen under Lieutenant-General Wade Hampton. Bragg’s forces were already deployed two miles south of Bentonville, having arrived during the night. Major-General Robert Frederick Hoke’s division was in position across the road being followed by Slocum, screened by Hampton’s cavalry.
The main attacking blow would be struck by Hardee and Bragg against Slocum’s left flank, once his column had been halted by Hoke. Hardee had not yet arrived because the faulty maps owned by both Hardee and Johnston suggested that his march was much shorter than the reality. Hardee camped with six miles remaining to travel to reach Bentonville. He advised Johnston that he would resume the march at 3 am to join Bragg. He eventually arrived at about 9 am but found the single road leading south from Bentonville clogged with rear element troops and wagon trains. The roadsides were obstructed by dense thickets and the force was road-bound. Hardee’s troops did not reach the battlefield until the afternoon, by which time the pressure against Hampton’s cavalry had forced them back to shelter behind Hoke’s line.
Meanwhile, Slocum had resumed his march from Averasboro towards Bentonville, while Brigadier-General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick’s cavalry advanced on his left flank. Slocum encountered the main body of Johnston’s entrenched Confederates, about 21,000 strong, about one mile south of Bentonville on the Goldsboro Road. Slocum was convinced that he faced only enemy cavalry and not a substantial force of infantry. Sherman had left Slocum with the impression that Johnston would not fight with the Neuse River at his back, so Slocum notified Sherman that he was facing only cursory resistance near Bentonville and did not request assistance.
Slocum attempted to brush aside the Confederates by attacking with his leading division under Brigadier-General William Passmore Carlin from the XIV Corps. He pushed back Hampton’s cavalry behind Hoke’s division during the morning. Slocum brought up Brigadier-General James Dada Morgan’s division (XIV) on Carlin’s left to guard against a flank attack and the Union troops adopted a defensive position. As they probed forward, they unexpectedly found themselves faced by Hoke’s entrenched infantry. Stewart’s Confederates prepared to exploit the temporary halt, but his force was too weak to make progress. Stewart’s Army of Tennessee was a mere shadow. His three corps were no stronger than a division of former times. One corps was under Major-General Daniel Harvey Hill, the second was under Major-General William Brimage Bate, and the third was under Major-General William Wing Loring, deputising for Stewart while he held army command. The division of Major-General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham had not yet arrived on its long journey from Mississippi. Johnston pulled the division of Major-General Lafayette McLaws out of the attack to reinforce Hoke’s positions, sending the weak division of Brigadier-General William Booth Taliaferro to join in the advance. McLaws struggled through the dense country and his division failed either to reach Hoke or to add his strength to the flank attack before nightfall.
Johnston finally launched his full attack at 3 pm and the late arrival of Hardee’s men added some impetus. The Confederate attack drove the Union left flank back in confusion, crushing the end of the line of XIV Corps held by Morgan and taking three guns. At one point, Morgan’s division was nearly surrounded and under attack from three sides, but the Confederate attacks were uncoordinated and lacked strength in depth. Hill filled the vacuum left by the retreating Union forces and began enfilading the Union troops remaining along the front. When the Confederate attack reached the prepared Union positions near the Harper House they were repulsed despite multiple attempts. Hardee’s third attack was made at 5 pm but each assault made less progress than the one before. Five Confederate attacks failed to dislodge the Union defenders and fighting flared up intermittently after nightfall as the Confederates tried unsuccessfully to drive back the Union line.
The leading two divisions of the Union XIV Corps soon received support from the arrival of Brigadier-General Absalom Baird’s division. Two divisions from Brigadier-General Alpheus Starkey Williams’ XX Corps arrived later in the evening with more reinforcements. Each side had put about 15,000 infantrymen into action, but the Confederates had squandered the advantage of surprise by poor staff work and had now committed almost all their forces. The Union still had three times as many more men in immediate reserve or within less than a day’s march to the southeast.
Slocum sent a revised message to Sherman indicating that he now believed he was facing all known Confederate troops. Late in the evening, Sherman issued orders for Howard’s Right Wing to go to Slocum’s aid and to join in the battle he had been waiting for to destroy all remaining resistance in one decisive action. Slocum was ordered to hold his ground until Howard could arrive to administer the decisive blow. The Union XV Corps of Major-General John Alexander Logan was put on the road to march via Cox’s Bridge towards Bentonville, where it would appear on the Confederates’ left flank. The Union XVII Corps of Major-General Francis Preston Blair was ordered to join the column behind Logan as soon it arrived at Falling Creek. Their march would have to be made overnight along ten miles of the muddy road. Slocum held out in expectation of Howard’s arrival in the morning.
At about midnight, the Confederates withdrew back to their original positions, shrunken down to a V-shape protecting their flanks. They had Mill Creek to the rear and a swamp to the left when they started entrenching. By dawn, Hardee had pulled Stewart’s and Taliaferro’s men back to their original positions north of the road, where they joined Bragg. Hoke’s division remained in place. Wheeler’s cavalry headed towards Cox’s Bridge to delay the approach of Howard’s army from the southeast.

ORDER OF BATTLE: BENTONVILLE, NC

Union Military Division of the Mississippi: Major-General William Tecumseh Sherman
Amy of Georgia “Left Wing”: Major-General Henry Warner Slocum
XIV Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General Jefferson Columbus Davis
1st Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General William Passmore Carlin
1st Brigade, 1st Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Colonel Harrison C Hobart
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Colonel George P Buell
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Lieutenant-Colonel David Miles
2nd Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General James Dada Morgan
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General William Vandever
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General John Grant Mitchell
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Colonel Benjamin D Fearing
3rd Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General Absalom Baird
1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Colonel Morton C Hunter
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Doan
3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, XIV Corps (Cumberland): Colonel George Peabody Estey
XX Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General Alpheus Starkey Williams
1st Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General Nathaniel James Jackson
1st Brigade, 1st Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Colonel James L Selfridge
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Colonel William Hawley
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General James Sidney Robinson
2nd Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General John White Geary
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Colonel Ario Pardee
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Colonel George W Mindil
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Colonel Henry A Barnum
3rd Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Brigadier-General William Thomas Ward
1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Colonel Henry Case
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Colonel Daniel Dustin
3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, XX Corps (Cumberland): Colonel William Cogswell
Army of the Tennessee “Right Wing”: Major-General Oliver Otis Howard
XV Corps (Tennessee): Major-General John Alexander Logan
1st Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Charles Robert Woods
1st Brigade, 1st Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Colonel William B Woods
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Robert F Catterson
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Colonel George A Stone
2nd Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Major-General William Babcock Hazen
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Theodore Jones
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Wells S Jones
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General John Morrison Oliver
3rd Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General John Eugene Smith
1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General William Thomas Clark
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Clark R Wever
4th Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General John Murray Corse
1st Brigade, 4th Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Elliott Warren Rice
2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Robert N Adams
3rd Brigade, 4th Division, XV Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Frederick J Hurlbut
XVII Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Francis Preston Blair
1st Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Joseph Antony Mower
1st Brigade, 1st Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General John Wallace Fuller
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Milton Montgomery
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Colonel John Tillson
3rd Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Manning Ferguson Force
1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Cassius Fairchild
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Greenberry F Wiles
4th Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Giles Alexander Smith
1st Brigade, 4th Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Benjamin Franklin
Potts
3rd Brigade, 4th Division, XVII Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General William Worth
Belknap
Cavalry Corps (Mississippi): Major-General James Harrison Wilson
1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps (Mississippi): Brigadier-General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick
1st Brigade, 1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps (Mississippi): Colonel Thomas J Jordan
2nd Brigade, 1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps (Mississippi): Colonel Smith D Atkins
3rd Brigade, 1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps (Mississippi): Colonel George E Spencer
4th (Provisional) Brigade, 1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps (Mississippi): Lieutenant-Colonel William B Way

Confederate Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia: General Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida: General Joseph Eggleston Johnston, Lieutenant-General William Joseph Hardee
Taliaferro’s Division (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Brigadier-General William Booth Taliaferro
Elliott’s Brigade, Taliaferro’s Division (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Brigadier-General Stephen Elliott
Rhett’s Brigade, Taliaferro’s Division (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Colonel William Butler Rhett
McLaws’ Division, (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Major-General Lafayette McLaws
Conner’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Brigadier-General John Doby Kennedy
Fiser’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Colonel John C Fiser
Blanchard’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Colonel George P Harrison
Hardy’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Colonel Washington Hardy
Blanchard’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, (South Carolina, Georgia & Florida): Brigadier-General Albert Gallatin Blanchard
Department of Tennessee and Georgia: General Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Army of Tennessee: Lieutenant-General Alexander Peter Stewart
I Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Daniel Harvey Hill
Stevenson’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Carter Littlepage Stevenson
Palmer’s Brigade, Stevenson’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Joseph Benjamin Palmer
Pettus’ Brigade, Stevenson’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Edmund Winston Pettus
Cumming’s Brigade, Stevenson’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Robert J Henderson
Clayton’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Henry De Lamar Clayton
Stovall’s Brigade, Clayton’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Henry C Kellogg
Jackson’s Brigade, Clayton’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Lieutenant-Colonel Osceola Kyle
Baker’s Brigade, Clayton’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Alpheus Baker
Hill’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Colonel John G Coltart
Deas’ Brigade, Hill’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Harry T Toulmin
Manigault’s Brigade, Hill’s Division, I Corps (Tennessee): Lieutenant-Colonel John C Carter
II Corps (Tennessee): Major-General William Brimage Bate
Cleburne’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General James Argyle Smith
Govan’s Brigade, Cleburne’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Peter V Green
Smith’s Brigade, Cleburne’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Capt J R Bonner
Granbury’s Brigade, Cleburne’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Major William A Ryan
Lowrey’s Brigade, Cleburne’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Lieutenant-Colonel John F Smith
Bate’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Colonel D L Kenan
T B Smith’s Brigade, Bate’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Major W H Wilkinson
Finley’s Brigade, Bate’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Lieutenant-Colonel Eli Washburn
Brown’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Roswell Sabine Ripley
Gist’s Brigade, Brown’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Hume R Field
Carter’s Brigade, Brown’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Lieutenant-Colonel Christopher C McKinney
Strahl’s Brigade, Brown’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Colonel James D Tillman
Gordon’s Brigade, Brown’s Division, II Corps (Tennessee): Colonel William P Bishop
III Corps (Tennessee): Major-General William Wing Loring
Loring’s Division, III Corps (Tennessee): Colonel James Jackson
J Adams’ Brigade, Loring’s Division, III Corps (Tennessee): Lieutenant-Colonel Robert J Lawrence
Scott’s Brigade, Loring’s Division, III Corps (Tennessee): Capt John A Dixon
Featherston’s Brigade, Loring’s Division, III Corps (Tennessee): Major Martin A Oatis
Walthall’s Division, III Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Edward Cary Walthall
Reynolds’ Brigade, Walthall’s Division, III Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Daniel Harris Reynolds
Johnston’s Brigade, Walthall’s Division, III Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General George Doherty Johnston
Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Lieutenant-General Wade Hampton
Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Major-General Joseph Wheeler
Humes’ Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Colonel Henry M Ashby
T Harrison’s Brigade, Humes’ Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Colonel Baxter Smith
Ashby’s Cavalry Brigade, Humes’ Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Lieutenant-Colonel James H Lewis
Allen’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Brigadier-General William Wirt Allen
Hagan’s Cavalry Brigade, Allen’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Colonel D G White
Anderson’s Cavalry Brigade, Allen’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Robert Huston Anderson
Dibrell’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Colonel George Gibbs Dibrell
Dibrell’s Cavalry Brigade, Dibrell’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Colonel William S McLemore
Lewis’ Cavalry Brigade, Dibrell’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Colonel W C P Breckinridge
Butler’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Major-General Matthew Calbraith Butler
Young’s Cavalry Brigade, Butler’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Colonel Gilbert J Wright
Butler’s Cavalry Brigade, Butler’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps, Cavalry Command (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Evander McIver Law
Department of North Carolina: General Braxton Bragg
Hoke’s Division (North Carolina): Major-General Robert Frederick Hoke
Clingman’s Brigade, Hoke’s Division (North Carolina): Colonel William S Devane
Kirkland’s Brigade, Hoke’s Division (North Carolina): Brigadier-General William Whedbee Kirkland
Hagood’s Brigade, Hoke’s Division (North Carolina): Brigadier-General Johnson Hagood
Colquitt’s Brigade, Hoke’s Division (North Carolina): Colonel Charles T Zachry
North Carolina Junior Reserves Brigade: Colonel John H Nethercutt

South Carolina. USS Massachusetts, Acting Lieutenant William H West, struck a torpedo in Charleston harbour but the weapon failed to explode.

Tennessee. Skirmish at Celina.

Virginia. Reconnaissance from Winchester to Edenburg ended.

Virginia. Expedition to Beaver Dam ended.

Union Generals

USA: Major-General George Crook assumed temporary command of the Department of West Virginia, succeeding Major-General Winfield Scott Hancock.

Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln
Vice-President: Andrew Johnson
Secretary of War: Edwin McMasters Stanton
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles

North Atlantic Blockading Squadron: David Dixon Porter
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron: John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren
West Gulf Blockading Squadron: Henry Knox Thatcher
East Gulf Blockading Squadron: Cornelius Kinchiloe Stribling
Pacific Squadron: George Frederick Pearson
Mississippi River Squadron: Samuel Phillips Lee
Potomac Flotilla: Foxhall Alexander Parker

General–in-Chief: Ulysses Simpson Grant

Military Division of the Mississippi: William Tecumseh Sherman

• Department of the Cumberland: George Henry Thomas
  • District of Middle Tennessee: Lovell Harrison Rousseau
  • District of West Tennessee: Cadwallader Colder Washburn
  • District of Etowah: James Blair Steedman
  • District of Northern Alabama: Robert Seaman Granger
  • Army of the Cumberland: George Henry Thomas
    • IV Corps Cumberland: David Sloane Stanley
• Department of the Mississippi: Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana
  • District of Vicksburg: Morgan Lewis Smith
  • District of Natchez: John Wynn Davidson
• Department of Kentucky: John McAuley Palmer
  • District of Western Kentucky: Solomon Meredith
• Department of North Carolina: John McAllister Schofield
  • District of Beaufort (NC): Innis Newton Palmer
  • District of Wilmington: Joseph Roswell Hawley
  • XXIII Corps Ohio: John McAllister Schofield
  • Terry’s Provisional Corps North Carolina: Alfred Howe Terry
• Army of the Tennessee: Oliver Otis Howard
  • XV Corps Tennessee: John Alexander Logan
  • XVII Corps Tennessee: Francis Preston Blair
• Army of Georgia: Henry Warner Slocum
  • XIV Corps Georgia: Jefferson Columbus Davis
  • XX Corps Georgia: Alpheus Starkey Williams
• Cavalry Corps Mississippi: James Harrison Wilson

Military Division of West Mississippi: Edward Richard Sprigg Canby

• Department of Arkansas: Joseph Jones Reynolds
  • District of Eastern Arkansas: Alexander McDowell McCook
  • Army of Arkansas: Joseph Jones Reynolds
    • VII Corps Arkansas: Joseph Jones Reynolds
• Department of the Gulf: Stephen Augustus Hurlbut interim Nathaniel Prentiss Banks awaited
  • North District of Louisiana: Francis Jay Herron
    • District of Morganza: Thomas Jefferson McKean
    • District of Baton Rouge: John Giles Fonda
    • District of Port Hudson: Cyrus Hamlin
  • Southern District of Louisiana: Thomas West Sherman
    • District of Carrollton: Nelson Viall
    • District of La Fourche: Robert Alexander Cameron
  • District of Key West and Tortugas: John Newton
  • District of South Alabama: Thomas Kilby Smith
  • District of West Florida: Alexander Asboth
• Army of West Mississippi: Edward Richard Sprigg Canby
  • Army of the Gulf: Stephen Augustus Hurlbut temporary
    • XIII Corps Gulf: Gordon Granger
    • XVI Corps Gulf: Andrew Jackson Smith

Military Division of the Missouri: John Pope

• Department of the Missouri: Grenville Mellen Dodge
  • District of St Louis: George Day Wagner
  • District of Southwest Missouri: John Benjamin Sanborn
  • District of North Missouri: Clinton Bowen Fisk
  • District of Central Missouri: John McNeil
  • District of Rolla: John Morrill
  • District of the Upper Arkansas: James Hobart Ford
  • District of North Kansas: Thomas Alfred Davies
  • District of South Kansas: James Gilpatrick Blunt
  • District of Nebraska Territory: Robert Byington Mitchell
  • District of Colorado Territory: John Milton Chivington
  • District of Utah: Patrick Edward Connor
• Department of the Northwest: Samuel Ryan Curtis
  • District of Minnesota: Henry Hastings Sibley
  • District of Wisconsin: Thomas Church Haskell Smith

Middle Military Division: Winfield Scott Hancock

• Middle Department: William Walton Morris
  • District of Delaware: Samuel M Bowman
  • District of the Eastern Shore of Maryland: John Reese Kenly
    • VIII Corps Middle: William Walton Morris
• Department of Pennsylvania: George Cadwalader
  • District of Philadelphia: Orris Sanford Ferry
  • District of the Monongahela: Greenlief P Davis
  • Juniata District: Charles Hale Morgan
• Department of Washington: Christopher Columbus Augur
  • District of St Mary’s: James Barnes
  • District of Alexandria: John Potts Slough
  • District of Washington: Moses N Wisewell
  • XXII Corps Washington: Christopher Columbus Augur
• Department of Western Virginia: George Crook temporary
• Army of the Shenandoah: Winfield Scott Hancock
  • XIX Corps Shenandoah: William Hemsley Emory
  • Cavalry Corps Shenandoah: Wesley Merritt

Department of the East: John Adams Dix

• District of Northern New York: John Cleveland Robinson

Department of New Mexico: James Henry Carleton

Northern Department: Joseph Hooker

• District of Illinois: John Cook
• District of Indiana: Alvin Peterson Hovey
• District of Michigan: Bennett Hoskin Hill

Department of the Pacific: Irvin McDowell

• District of Arizona: John Sanford Mason
•  District of California: George Wright
• District of the Humboldt: Stephen Girard Whipple
• District of Oregon: Benjamin Alvord
• District of Southern California: James Freeman Curtis

Department of the Potomac: George Gordon Meade

• Army of the Potomac: George Gordon Meade
  • II Corps Potomac: Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
  • V Corps Potomac: Gouverneur Kemble Warren
  • VI Corps Potomac: Horatio Gouverneur Wright
  • IX Corps Potomac: John Grubb Parke
  • Cavalry Corps Potomac: Henry Eugene Davies

Department of the South: Quincy Adams Gillmore

• North District (South): John Porter Hatch
• District of Savannah: Henry Warner Birge
• District of Beaufort (SC): Edward Elmer Potter
• District of Hilton Head: Milton Smith Littlefield
• District of Florida: Eliakim Parker Scammon

Department of Virginia: Edward Otho Cresap Ord

• District of Eastern Virginia: George Henry Gordon
  • District of Virginia: Edward Otho Cresap Ord
• Army of the James: Edward Otho Cresap Ord
  • XXIV Corps James: John Gibbon
  • XXV Corps James: Godfrey Weitzel

Confederate Organisation

Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis
Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of War: John Cabell Breckinridge
Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory

General-in-Chief: Robert Edward Lee

Department of Alabama, Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana: Richard Taylor

• District of North Mississippi and West Tennessee: Marcus Joseph Wright
• District of Southern Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana: George Baird Hodge
  • Sub-District of Southwest Mississippi: Benjamin Grubb Humphreys
• Gulf District: Dabney Herndon Maury
• District of Alabama: Daniel Weisiger Adams

Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia: Joseph Eggleston Johnston

• First District of North Carolina and Southern Virginia: Henry Alexander Wise
• Second District of North Carolina and Southern Virginia: Laurence Simmons Baker

Department of Northern Virginia: Robert Edward Lee

• Army of Northern Virginia: Robert Edward Lee
  • I Corps Northern Virginia: James Longstreet
  • II Corps Northern Virginia: John Brown Gordon
  • III Corps Northern Virginia: Ambrose Powell Hill
  • IV Corps Northern Virginia: Richard Heron Anderson
• Valley District: Jubal Anderson Early

Department of Richmond: Richard Stoddert Ewell

Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida: Joseph Eggleston Johnston

• District of Georgia: Daniel Harvey Hill
  • Sub-District of Northern Georgia: William Tatum Wofford
• District of South Carolina: Samuel Jones
  • 1^st Sub-District of South Carolina: James Heyward Trapier
  • 2^nd Sub-District of South Carolina: Robert Ransom
  • 3^rd Sub-District of South Carolina: William Booth Taliaferro
  • 5^th Sub-District of South Carolina: vacant
• District of Florida: Samuel Jones

Department of Tennessee and Georgia: Joseph Eggleston Johnston

• District of Western North Carolina: James Green Martin
• Army of Tennessee: Alexander Peter Stewart temporary
  • I Corps Tennessee: Daniel Harvey Hill temporary
  • II Corps Tennessee: Braxton Bragg
  • III Corps Tennessee: Edward Cary Walthall temporary

Department of East Tennessee and West Virginia: Jubal Anderson Early

Department of Western Kentucky: Hylan Benton Lyon

Trans-Mississippi Department: Edmund Kirby Smith

• District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona: John George Walker
  • Western Sub-District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona: James Edwin Slaughter
    • Sub-District of the Rio Grande: Hamilton Prioleau Bee
  • Eastern Sub-District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona: William Steele
  • Sub-District of Houston: Xavier Blanchard Debray
  • Northern Sub-District Texas, New Mexico and Arizona: Henry Eustace McCullough
  • District of Arkansas: Mosby Monroe Parsons
• District of West Louisiana: Simon Bolivar Buckner
• District of Indian Territory: Douglas Hancock Cooper
• Trans-Mississippi Army: Edmund Kirby Smith
  • I Corps Trans-Mississippi: Simon Bolivar Buckner
  • II Corps Trans-Mississippi: John Bankhead Magruder
  • III Corps Trans-Mississippi: John George Walker
  • Reserve Corps Trans-Mississippi: Thomas Pleasant Dockery

Reserve Forces of Alabama: Jones Mitchell Withers
Reserve Forces of Florida: William Miller
Reserve Forces of Georgia: Thomas Howell Cobb
Reserve Forces of Mississippi: William Lindsay Brandon
Reserve Forces of North Carolina: Theophilus Hunter Holmes
Reserve Forces of South Carolina: James Chesnut
Reserve Forces of Tennessee: John Cabell Breckinridge
Reserve Forces of Virginia: James Lawson Kemper

Union Generals

Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission

Lieutenant-General USA

Ulysses Simpson Grant

Major-General USA

Asterisk indicates concurrently Major-General USV

Henry Wager Halleck
William Tecumseh Sherman
George Gordon Meade
Philp Henry Sheridan
George Henry Thomas

Major-General USV

Asterisk indicates concurrently Brigadier-General USA

John Adams Dix
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
Benjamin Franklin Butler
David Hunter
Ethan Allen Hitchcock
Irvin McDowell*
Ambrose Everett Burnside
William Starke Rosecrans*
John Pope*
Samuel Ryan Curtis
Franz Sigel
Lewis Wallace
George Cadwalader
Edward Otho Cresap Ord
Samuel Peter Heintzelman
Joseph Hooker*
Silas Casey
William Buel Franklin
Darius Nash Couch
Henry Warner Slocum
John James Peck
Alexander McDowell McCook
John Gray Foster
John Grubb Parke
Christopher Columbus Augur
Stephen Augustus Hurlbut
Gordon Granger
Lovell Harrison Rousseau
George Stoneman
Oliver Otis Howard*
Daniel Edgar Sickles
Robert Huston Milroy
Daniel Butterfield
Winfield Scott Hancock*
George Sykes
David Sloane Stanley
John McAllister Schofield*
John McAuley Palmer
Frederick Steele
Abner Doubleday
Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana
John Alexander Logan
James Gilpatrick Blunt
George Lucas Hartsuff
Cadwallader Colden Washburn
Francis Jay Herron
Francis Preston Blair
Joseph Jones Reynolds
Carl Schurz
Gouverneur Kemble Warren
Alfred Pleasonton
Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
Quincy Adams Gillmore
William Farrar Smith
James Blair Steedman
Edward Richard Sprigg Canby
Horatio Gouverneur Wright
Andrew Jackson Smith
Grenville Mellen Dodge
John Gibbon
Peter Joseph Osterhaus
Joseph Antony Mower
George Crook
Godfrey Weitzel
Jacob Dolson Cox
William Babcock Hazen
John White Geary
Alfred Howe Terry*
Thomas John Wood

Brigadier-General USA

Brackets indicates concurrently Major-General USV

(Irvin McDowell)
(William Starke Rosecrans)
Philip St George Cooke
(John Pope)
(Joseph Hooker)
(Winfield Scott Hancock)
(John McAllister Schofield)
(Oliver Otis Howard)
(Alfred Howe Terry)

Brigadier-General USV

Thomas West Sherman
Benjamin Franklin Kelley
Alpheus Starkey Williams
James Brewerton Ricketts
Orlando Bolivar Willcox
Henry Hayes Lockwood
Samuel Davis Sturgis
Henry Washington Benham
William Farquhar Barry
Lawrence Pike Graham
Eleazar Arthur Paine
William Thomas Ward
John Gross Barnard
Innis Newton Palmer
Seth Williams
John Newton
George Wright
John Milton Brannan
John Porter Hatch
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Richard W Johnson
Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich Von Steinwehr
George Washington Cullum
Thomas Jefferson McKean
Zealous Bates Tower
Jefferson Columbus Davis
James Henry Lane
William Scott Ketchum
John Wynn Davidson
Eugene Asa Carr
Thomas Alfred Davies
William Hemsley Emory
Marsena Rudolph Patrick
Orris Sanford Ferry
Henry Moses Judah
John Cook
John McArthur
Jacob Gartner Lauman
Horatio Phillips Van Cleve
Speed Smith Fry
Alexander Asboth
Robert Byington Mitchell
Cuvier Grover
Rufus Saxton
Benjamin Alvord
Napoleon Bonaparte Buford
Nathan Kimball
Charles Devens
Samuel Wylie Crawford
Henry Walton Wessells
James Henry Carleton
Absalom Baird
John Cleveland Robinson
Truman Seymour
Henry Prince
Maximilian Weber
Jeremiah Cutler Sullivan
Alvin Peterson Hovey
James Clifford Veatch
William Plummer Benton
John Curtis Caldwell
George Sears Greene
Samuel Powhatan Carter
Erastus Barnard Tyler
Charles Griffin
George Henry Gordon
Stephen Gano Burbridge
Washington Lafayette Elliott
Albion Parris Howe
Benjamin Stone Roberts
Fitz-Henry Warren
Morgan Lewis Smith
Charles Cruft
Frederick Salomon
Henry Shaw Briggs
James Dada Morgan
Johann August Ernst Willich
George Foster Shepley
John Reese Kenly
John Potts Slough
Gershom Mott
Henry Jackson Hunt
Francis Channing Barlow
Mason Brayman
Nathaniel James Jackson
George Washington Getty
Alfred Sully
William Woods Averell
Francis Barretto Spinola
Solomon Meredith
Eliakim Parker Scammon
Robert Seaman Granger
Joseph Rodman West
George Leonard Andrews
Clinton Bowen Fisk
William Hays
Israel Vogdes
Lewis Cass Hunt
Frank Wheaton
John Sanford Mason
Robert Ogden Tyler
Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert
Gilman Marston
William Dwight
Sullivan Amory Meredith
Nathaniel Collins McLean
William Vandever
Alexander Schimmelfennig
Charles Kinnaird Graham
John Eugene Smith
Joseph Tarr Copeland
Charles Adam Heckman
Edward Elmer Potter
Henry Beebee Carrington
John Haskell King
Adam Jacoby Slemmer
Thomas Hewson Neill
Thomas Gamble Pitcher
Thomas William Sweeny
William Passmore Carlin
Romeyn Beck Ayres
Richard Arnold
Edward Winslow Hinks
Michael Kelly Lawler
George Day Wagner
Lysander Cutler
Joseph Farmer Knipe
John Dunlap Stevenson
James Barnes
Edward Harland
Samuel Beatty
Franklin Stillman Nickerson
Edward Henry Hobson
Joseph Dana Webster
William Harrow
William Hopkins Morris
Thomas Howard Ruger
Elias Smith Dennis
Thomas Church Haskell Smith
Mortimer Dormer Leggett
Davis Tillson
Albert Lindley Lee
Marcellus Monroe Crocker
Egbert Benson Brown
John McNeil
George Francis McGinnis
Hugh Boyle Ewing
James Winning McMillan
Daniel Ullmann
George Jerrison Stannard
Henry Baxter
John Milton Thayer
Charles Thomas Campbell
Halbert Eleazer Paine
Robert Brown Potter
Joseph Andrew Jackson Lightburn
Henry Hastings Sibley
Joseph Bradford Carr
Joseph Jackson Bartlett
Patrick Edward Connor
John Parker Hawkins
Gabriel René Paul
Edward Augustus Wild
Adelbert Ames
William Birney
Daniel Henry Rucker
Robert Allen
Rufus Ingalls
Alexander Shaler
Benjamin Henry Grierson
Robert Sanford Foster
Hugh Judson Kilpatrick
Alexander Stewart Webb
Alfred Napoleon Alexander Duffié
Walter Chiles Whitaker
Wesley Merritt
George Armstrong Custer
William Denison Whipple
John Converse Starkweather
Kenner Garrard
Charles Robert Woods
John Benjamin Sanborn
Giles Alexander Smith
Jasper Adalmorn Maltby
Thomas Kilby Smith
Walter Quintin Gresham
Manning Ferguson Force
Robert Alexander Cameron
John Murray Corse
John Aaron Rawlins
Alvan Cullem Gillem
John Wesley Turner
Henry Eugene Davies
Andrew Jackson Hamilton
Henry Warner Birge
James Harrison Wilson
Adin Ballou Underwood
Augustus Louis Chetlain
Thomas Francis Meagher
William Anderson Pile
John Wallace Fuller
John Franklin Miller
Philippe Régis Dénis de Keredern De Trobriand
Cyrus Bussey
Christopher Columbus Andrews
Edward Moody McCook
Lewis Addison Grant
Edward Hatch
August Valentine Kautz
Francis Fessenden
John Rutter Brooke
John Frederick Hartranft
Samuel Sprigg Carroll
Simon Goodell Griffin
Emory Upton
Nelson Appleton Miles
Joseph Hayes
Byron Root Pierce
Selden Connor
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
Elliott Warren Rice
William Francis Bartlett
Edward Stuyvesant Bragg
Martin Davis Hardin
Charles Jackson Paine
Gustavus Adolphus De Russy
John Baillie McIntosh
George Henry Chapman
William Grose
Joseph Alexander Cooper
John Thomas Croxton
John Wilson Sprague
James William Reilly
Luther Prentice Bradley
Charles Carroll Walcutt
William Worth Belknap
Joseph Abel Haskin
James Deering Fessenden
Eli Long
Thomas Wilberforce Egan
Joseph Roswell Hawley
William Henry Seward
Isaac Hardin Duval
John Edwards
Thomas Alfred Smyth
Ferdinand Van Derveer
Thomas Casimer Devin
Alfred Gibbs
Ranald Slidell Mackenzie
Rutherford Birchard Hayes
James Richard Slack
Thomas John Lucas
Edmund Jackson Davis
Joseph Bailey
George Lafayette Beal
Henry Goddard Thomas
Cyrus Hamlin
Patrick Henry Jones
John Morrison Oliver
Robert Kingston Scott
James Sidney Robinson
Benjamin Franklin Potts
John Grant Mitchell
James Alexander Williamson
Newton Martin Curtis
Charles Camp Doolittle
Stephen Thomas
James Isham Gilbert
Green Berry Raum
Galusha Pennypacker
Charles John Stolbrand
Wager Swayne
Charles Ewing
Stewart Van Vliet

Brigadier-General USA (Staff)

Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (Quartermaster-General)
Lorenzo Thomas
George Douglas Ramsay
James Barnet Fry (Provost Marshal)
Richard Delafield (Engineers)
Joseph Holt (Judge Advocate-General)
Amos Beebe Eaton (Commissary-General of Subsistence)
Joseph K Barnes (Surgeon-General)
Alexander Brydie Dyer (Ordnance)

Confederate Generals

Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission

General ACSA/PACS

Samuel Cooper
Robert Edward Lee
Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Braxton Bragg
Edmund Kirby Smith

Lieutenant-General PACS

James Longstreet
Theophilus Hunter Holmes
William Joseph Hardee
Richard Stoddert Ewell
Ambrose Powell Hill
John Bell Hood
Richard Taylor
Jubal Anderson Early
Richard Heron Anderson
Alexander Peter Stewart
Stephen Dill Lee
Simon Bolivar Buckner
Wade Hampton
Nathan Bedford Forrest

Major-General PACS

Benjamin Huger
John Bankhead Magruder
Mansfield Lovell
William Wing Loring
Sterling Price
Benjamin Franklin Cheatham
Samuel Jones
John Porter McCown
Daniel Harvey Hill
Thomas Carmichael Hindman
John Cabell Breckinridge
Lafayette McLaws
Samuel Gibbs French
George Edward Pickett
Carter Littlepage Stevenson
John Horace Forney
Dabney Herndon Maury
Martin Luther Smith
John George Walker
Arnold Elzey
Franklin Gardner
Isaac Ridgeway Trimble
Joseph Wheeler
Edward Johnson
Henry Heth
Robert Ransom
Jones Mitchell Withers
Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox
Fitzhugh Lee
Howell Cobb
John Austin Wharton
William Thompson Martin
Charles William Field
James Patton Anderson
William Brimage Bate
Robert Frederick Hoke
William Henry Fitzhugh Lee
James Fleming Fagan
John Brown Gordon
Joseph Brevard Kershaw
Bushrod Rust Johnson
Edward Cary Walthall
Henry Delamar Clayton
William Mahone
John Calvin Brown
Lunsford Lindsay Lomax
James Lawson Kemper
Matthew Calbraith Butler
George Washington Custis Lee
Thomas Lafayette Rosser
Ambrose Ransom Wright
Pierce Manning Butler Young
Bryan Grimes
Thomas James Churchill
John Sappington Marmaduke

Brigadier-General PACS

Alexander Robert Lawton
Henry Alexander Wise
Henry Hopkins Sibley
Gideon Johnson Pillow
Daniel Ruggles
Roswell Sabine Ripley
Paul Octave Hébert
Gabriel James Rains
Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Nathan George Evans
James Heyward Trapier
Hugh Weedon Mercer
William Montgomery Gardner
Raleigh Edward Colston
John King Jackson
James Ronald Chalmers
Daniel Leadbetter
William Whann Mackall
Winfield Scott Featherston
William Booth Taliaferro
Albert Rust
Samuel Bell Maxey
Hamilton Prioleau Bee
James Morrison Hawes
George Hume Steuart
James Edwin Slaughter
Seth Maxwell Barton
Henry Eustace McCullough
John Selden Roane
William Nelson Pendleton
Joseph Finegan
William Nelson Rector Beall
Thomas Jordan
William Preston
John Echols
George Earl Maney
John Stuart Williams
James Green Martin
Thomas Lanier Clingman
Daniel Weisiger Adams
Louis Hébert
Beverley Holcombe Robertson
St John Richardson Liddell
Johnson Hagood
Harry Thompson Hays
Matthew Duncan Ector
Edward Aylesworth Perry
Alfred Holt Colquitt
Abraham Buford
William Steele
Francis Asbury Shoup
Joseph Robert Davis
John Crawford Vaughn
Evander McIvor Law
Elkanah Brackin Greer
Francis Redding Tillou Nicholls
Alfred Cumming
William Stephen Walker
Montgomery Dent Corse
George Thomas Anderson
Alfred Iverson
James Henry Lane
Edward Lloyd Thomas
John Rogers Cooke
Jerome Bonaparte Robertson
Evander McNair
William Robertson Boggs
James Camp Tappan
Mosby Monroe Parsons
Marcus Joseph Wright
Zachariah Cantey Deas
William Hicks Jackson
James Cantey
Henry Lewis Benning
William Tatum Wofford
Samuel McGowan
Marcellus Augustus Stovall
George Blake Cosby
Francis Crawford Armstrong
William Lewis Cabell
John Daniel Imboden
Alfred Eugene Jackson
Arthur Middleton Manigault
Douglas Hancock Cooper
John Wilkins Whitfield
James Alexander Walker
Matthew Whitaker Ransom
Alfred Moore Scales
Henry Harrison Walker
Gabriel Colvin Wharton
Francis Marion Cockrell
James Patrick Major
Samuel Wragg Ferguson
Laurence Simmons Baker
Philip Dale Roddey
Eppa Hunton
Thomas Pleasant Dockery
Benjamin Grubb Humphreys
Henry Brevard Davidson
Cullen Andrews Battle
William Andrew Quarles
William Whedbee Kirkland
Robert Daniel Johnston
Alexander Welch Reynolds
Thomas Neville Waul
Edmund Winston Pettus
Armistead Lindsay Long
Henry Rootes Jackson
William Wirt Adams
James Argyle Smith
Joseph Horace Lewis
Edward Higgins
John Tyler Morgan
William Young Conn Humes
Jesse Johnson Finley
James Holt Clanton
Alfred Jefferson Vaughan
Joseph Orville Shelby
Lawrence Sullivan Ross
Daniel Chevilette Govan
Randall Lee Gibson
Nathaniel Harrison Harris
Allen Thomas
Alexander Travis Hawthorn
Robert Charles Tyler
Edward Porter Alexander
William Wirt Allen
Claudius Wistar Sears
William Feimster Tucker
Richard Lucian Page
Alpheus Baker
Daniel Harris Reynolds
James Chesnut
Stand Watie
Samuel Jameson Gholson
John Bratton
Thomas Moore Scott
John McCausland
Clement Anselm Evans
William Terry
Martin Witherspoon Gary
Birkett Davenport Fry
Stephen Elliott
William Ruffin Cox
William Gaston Lewis
Zebulon York
Robert Doak Lilley
William Richard Terry
James Conner
Rufus Clay Barringer
John Smith Preston
Hylan Benton Lyon
William Lindsay Brandon
Bradley Tyler Johnson
James Thadeus Holtzclaw
William Felix Brantley
Robert Houston Anderson
Jacob Hunter Sharp
George Doherty Johnston
George Gibbs Dibrell
Thomas Benton Smith
David Addison Weisiger
William Miller
Philip Cook
William Hugh Young
George Washington Gordon
Lucius Jeremiah Gartrell
Walter Husted Stevens
Basil Wilson Duke
Charles Miller Shelley
Patrick Theodore Moore
William Henry Wallace
Gilbert Moxley Sorrel
William Henry Fitzhugh Payne
Peter Burwell Starke
William MacRae
Samuel Read Anderson
Josiah Gorgas
Joseph Benjamin Palmer
Dudley McIver Dubose
Robert Bullock
Benjamin Jefferson Hill
James Phillip Simms
William Lowther Jackson
James Edward Harrison
John Doby Kennedy
Richard Lee Turberville Beale
Thomas Harrison
William McComb
Robert Lowry
Milledge Luke Bonham
William Henry Forney
Thomas Muldrup Logan
Isaac Munroe St John
William Raine Peck
Reuben Lindsay Walker
William Paul Roberts
William Flank Perry
Tyree Harris Bell
Ellison Capers
Alexander William Campbell
Young Marshall Moody
Richard Montgomery Gano
Walter Paye Lane
William Polk Hardeman
Henry Gray
Richard Waterhouse