1863 September 19th

September 19 1863 Saturday

Battle of Chickamauga, GA

Chickamauga Campaign

Chickamauga, Georgia. The movement of Union Major-General George Henry Thomas’ XIV Corps had extended the left flank of the Army of the Cumberland farther north than Confederate General Braxton Bragg expected to find it when he formulated his plans for his attack. Major-General Thomas Leonidas Crittenden’s Union XXI Corps was concentrated around Lee and Gordon’s Mill, which Bragg assumed wrongly was the Union left flank. Thomas was, in fact, now arrayed behind and beyond him to the north, covering a wide front from Crawfish Springs (Major-General James Scott Negley’s division), the Widow Glenn’s house (Major-General Joseph Jones Reynolds’ division), Kelly Field (Brigadier-General Absalom Baird’s division), and around the McDonald farm (Brigadier-General John Milton Brannan’s division). Major-General Gordon Granger’s Reserve Corps was spread in reserve along the northern end of the area from Rossville to McAfee’s Church.
Bragg’s plan was for an attack on the supposed Union left flank by the three corps of Major-General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Major-General William Henry Talbot Walker, and Hood, screened by Brigadier-General Nathan Bedford Forrest’s cavalry to the north. Major-General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham’s division was held in reserve in the centre and Major-General Patrick Ronayne Cleburne’s division was also held in reserve at Thedford’s Ford. Major-General Thomas Carmichael Hindman’s division faced Crittenden at Lee and Gordon’s Mill and Major-General John Cabell Breckinridge’s faced Negley’s division. Two more brigades from I Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, accompanied by Major-General Lafayette McLaws and Lieutenant-General James Longstreet, joined the Confederate Army of Tennessee. They were ordered to unite with Hood’s three brigades from Virginia already in action.
The battle opened almost by accident when pickets from Union Colonel Daniel McCook’s brigade of Granger’s Reserve Corps moved toward Jay’s Mill In search of water. McCook had moved from Rossville to aid Colonel Robert H G Minty’s cavalry brigade at Reed’s Bridge. His men established a defensive position several hundred yards northwest of Jay’s Mill, about equally distant from where the 1^st Georgia Cavalry waited through the night south of the mill. At about the same time, McCook sent a regiment to destroy Reed’s Bridge (which would survive this second attempt to destroy it in two days). Confederate Brigadier-General Henry Brevard Davidson of Forrest’s Cavalry Corps sent the 1^st Georgia Cavalry forward and they encountered some of McCook’s men near the mill. McCook was ordered by Granger to withdraw back to Rossville and his men were pursued by Davidson’s troopers.
McCook encountered part of Thomas’ XIV Corps on the Lafayette Road, where it had finished an all-night march from Crawfish Springs. McCook reported to Thomas that a single Confederate infantry brigade was trapped on the west side of Chickamauga Creek and Thomas ordered Brannan’s Division to attack and destroy it. Brannan sent his three brigades forward in response to Thomas’ order. Colonel Ferdinand Van Derveer’s brigade moved southeast on the Reed’s Bridge Road with Colonel John Croxton’s brigade on his right. Colonel John Connell’s brigade came up behind in reserve. Croxton’s men drove back Davidson’s advanced cavalrymen and Forrest formed a defensive line of dismounted troopers to stem the tide. Croxton halted his advance because he was unsure of Forrest’s strength. Forrest requested reinforcements from Bragg and Walker ordered Colonel Claudius Charles Wilson’s brigade from near Alexander’s Bridge to attack at about 9 am, and they struck Croxton’s right flank. Forrest protected his own right flank by deploying the cavalry brigade of Colonel George Gibbs Dibrell, which ran into Van Derveer’s brigade and came to a halt under fire. Forrest was reinforced next by Brigadier-General Matthew Duncan Ector’s brigade from Walker’s Corps and sent it into action without Walker’s knowledge. Ector’s men replaced Dibrell’s in line, but they were also unable to drive Van Derveer from his position. Brannan’s division was holding its ground against Forrest and his infantry reinforcements, but their ammunition was running low.
Thomas sent Baird’s division to assist, and two of his brigades moved forward with one brigade in reserve. Brigadier-General John Haskell King’s US Regular brigade relieved Croxton. Colonel Benjamin Scribner’s brigade took up a position on King’s right and Colonel John Converse Starkweather’s brigade remained in reserve. With superior numbers and firepower, Scribner and King were able to start pushing back Wilson and Ector.
Bragg then committed the division of Brigadier-General St John Richardson Liddell to the fight, countering Thomas’ reinforcements in a rapidly growing and unplanned conflict. Liddell’s brigades of Colonel Daniel Chevilette Govan and Brigadier-General Edward Cary Walthall advanced along the Alexander’s Bridge Road, smashing into Baird’s right flank. Both Scribner’s and Starkweather’s brigades retreated in panic, followed by King’s Regulars, who dashed for the rear through Van Derveer’s brigade. Van Derveer’s men halted the Confederate advance with a concentrated volley at close range. Liddell’s exhausted men began to withdraw and Croxton’s brigade, now rallied and returning to the action, pushed them back beyond the Winfrey field. Thomas realised that he was now involved in a major engagement and he called for help from Rosecrans. The divisions of Major-General John McAuley Palmer (of XXI Corps) and Brigadier-General Richard William Johnson (XX Corps) were released from reserve and marched to the sound of fighting. Believing that Rosecrans was attempting to move the centre of the battle farther north than Bragg had planned, Bragg began rushing reinforcements from all parts of his line to his right, starting with Cheatham’s division of Polk’s Corps. With its five brigades, it was the largest division in the Army of Tennessee. At 11 am, Cheatham’s men approached Liddell’s halted division from reserve and formed on its left. Three of Cheatham’s brigades under Brigadier-General Marcus Wright, Brigadier-General Preston Smith, and Brigadier-General John King Jackson formed the front line and Brigadier-General Otho French Strahl and Brigadier-General George Maney commanded the brigades in the second line. Their advance overlapped the end of Croxton’s brigade and had no difficulty pushing it back. As Croxton withdrew, his brigade was replaced by Johnson’s division of McCook’s XX Corps near the Lafayette Road. Johnson’s lead brigades under Colonel Philemon Baldwin and Brigadier-General Johann August Ernst von Willich engaged Jackson’s brigade, protecting Croxton’s withdrawal. Although outnumbered, Jackson held under the pressure until his ammunition ran low and he called for reinforcements. Cheatham sent in Maney’s small brigade to replace Jackson, but they were no match for the two larger Union brigades and Maney was forced to withdraw as both of his flanks were crushed.
Additional Union reinforcements arrived shortly after Johnson. Palmer’s division of Crittenden’s XXI Corps marched from Lee and Gordon’s Mill and advanced into the fight with three brigades in line under Brigadier-General William Babcock Hazen, Brigadier-General Charles Cruft, and Colonel William Grose against the Confederate brigades of Wright and Corps. Smith’s brigade bore the brunt of the attack in the Brock field and it was replaced by Strahl’s brigade, which also had to withdraw under the pressure. Fighting in dense woodland with few roads or tracks and open spaces to gain visibility, troops on both sides were drawn inexorably into the fighting with little sense of direction or purpose. As they arrived they either failed or succeeded depending on whichever enemy reserves arrived at the same time. Two more Union brigades followed Palmer’s division, from Brigadier-General Horatio Phillips Van Cleve’s division of the XXI Corps, who formed on the left flank of Wright’s Confederate brigade. The attack of Brigadier-General Samuel Beatty’s brigade had the weight to force Wright’s brigade into retreat with Cheatham’s other units.
Rosecrans arrived on the field from Crawfish Gap at about 1 pm and set up his headquarters at the log house of Widow Eliza Glenn. This was on a commanding eminence, perfectly placed in the middle of his forces, less than two miles north of Lee and Gordon’s Mill and half a mile west of the along which his army was deployed. During the afternoon Confederate prisoners were identified from Longstreet’s Corps and the feared arrival of the enemy reinforcements from Virginia was confirmed to Rosecrans.
Bragg, on the other hand, remained in the rear of his army and distant from the action. For a third time, Bragg ordered a fresh division to move in to attack, this time calling Major-General Alexander Peter Stewart’s Division of Buckner’s Corps from its position at Thedford’s Ford around noon. Stewart encountered Wright’s retreating brigade at the Brock farm. At about 2.30 pm Stewart decided or was misled to turn west a mile south of the intended point. This unintended advance struck the previously unengaged Brigadier-General Horatio Van Cleve’s Union division (XXI Corps) on his left. Stewart’s brigades deployed from their marching column and Brigadier-General Henry De Lamar Clayton’s was the first to hit the three Union brigades around the Brotherton Farm. Firing until their ammunition was spent, Clayton’s men were then replaced with Brigadier-General John Calvin Brown’s brigade. Brown drove Brigadier-General Samuel Beatty’s and Colonel George F Dick’s men from the woods east of the Lafayette Road and paused to regroup. Stewart committed his last brigade, under Brigadier-General William Brimage Bate, around 3.30 pm and routed Van Cleve’s division. Bate then drove back Grose’s and Cruft’s brigades of Palmer’s division. Hazen’s Union brigade was caught up in the retreat while they were replenishing their ammunition.
The Confederates pushed on across the Lafayette Road until the Union headquarters at the Widow Glenn House was in sight across open rolling fields. Fortunately, Reynolds’ and Negley’s divisions of XIV Corps were marching past to join the rest of Thomas’ command but they were quickly diverted to face the approaching Confederates. Union Brigadier-General John Basil Turchin’s brigade (Reynolds’ division) counterattacked and briefly held off the attack but the Confederates had caused a major penetration in the Union line at the Brotherton and Dyer fields. Negley and Reynolds were joined by recovering troops of Brannan’s division and they restored order. Stewart did not have sufficient forces to maintain that exposed position and was forced to order Bate to withdraw east of the Lafayette Road. Stewart’s whole division fell back to the security of the woods from which they had emerged, halting about half a mile east of the road to lay down a fire that prevented any further pursuit.
The Confederate attack was taken up unintentionally by troops of Hood’s Corps on Stewart’s left. Hood had received no specific orders and as the sound of fighting increased on his right, he advanced to the left of Stewart’s abortive advance. The division of Brigadier-General Bushrod Rust Johnson was on the left and Hood’s own division under Brigadier-General Evander McIver Law was on the right. At about 4 pm Hood started forward. As they advanced westwards they encountered fugitives of Stewart’s repulse and swept past them through heavy woods. Emerging on the Lafayette Road a mile south of Stewart’s brief penetration, they advanced towards what appeared to be a single unsupported Union division at around 2 pm. Johnson’s division had in fact encountered the advance guard of Union Brigadier-General Jefferson Columbus Davis’ division of XX corps, marching north from Crawfish Springs. Johnson’s men attacked Colonel Hans Heg’s brigade on Davis’ left and forced it across the Lafayette Road. Hood ordered Johnson to continue the attack by crossing the Lafayette Road with two brigades in line and one in reserve. The two brigades drifted apart during the attack. On the right, Colonel John Fulton’s Confederate brigade routed Colonel Edward A King’s brigade (Reynolds’ division) and linked up with Bate at Brotherton field. On the left, Brigadier-General John Gregg’s brigade attacked Colonel John Thomas Wilder’s Union brigade in its reserve position at the Viniard Farm. Gregg was seriously wounded, and his brigade advance halted. Brigadier-General Evander McNair’s brigade of Johnson’s division, called up from the rear, also lost its cohesion during the advance.
Union Brigadier-General Thomas Joseph Wood’s division had been ordered to march north from Lee and Gordon’s Mill around 3 pm. They arrived, as had many Union divisions during the day, just in time to block this latest threat by Hood’s advance. Colonel George P Buell’s brigade was posted north of the Viniard house while Colonel Charles Garrison Harker’s brigade continued up the Lafayette Road. Harker’s brigade arrived in the rear of Fulton’s and McNair’s Confederate regiments, firing into their backs. Although the Confederates retreated to the woods east of the road, Harker realised he was isolated and quickly withdrew. At the Viniard house, Buell’s men were attacked by part of Law’s division of Hood’s corps. The Confederate brigades of Brigadier-General Jerome Bonaparte Robertson and Brigadier-General Henry Lewis Benning of Law’s division pushed southwest toward the Viniard field, pushing back Brigadier-General William Passmore Carlin’s brigade (Davis’ division) and struck Buell’s brigade fiercely, pushing it back behind Colonel John Thomas Wilder’s “Lightning Brigade”, which was operating independently of Reynolds’ division as the army’s general reserve. Hood’s and Johnson’s men, pushing strongly forward, approached so close to Rosecrans’ new headquarters at the tiny cabin of Widow Eliza Glenn that the staff officers inside had to shout to make themselves heard over the sounds of battle. There was a significant risk of a Union rout in this part of the line. Wilder’s men eventually held back the Confederate advance, fighting with their repeating carbines from behind a drainage ditch.
The Union forces launched several unsuccessful counterattacks late in the afternoon to regain some ground around the Viniard house. Heg was mortally wounded during one of these advances. Late in the day, Rosecrans welcomed almost his last reinforcements, Major-General Philip Henry Sheridan’s division of McCook’s Corps. Marching north from Crawfish Spring through Lee and Gordon’s Mill, Sheridan took the brigades of Colonel Luther Prentice Bradley and Colonel Bernard Laiboldt into the fight against Hood’s attackers and turned the tide. Bradley’s brigade was in the lead and it was able to push the heavily outnumbered brigades of Robertson and Benning out of Viniard field. Bradley was wounded during the attack. Johnson’s and Law’s outnumbered divisions withdrew east of the Lafayette Road and the thoroughfare became the dividing line between the belligerents.
By 6 pm, darkness was falling, but Bragg had not abandoned his idea of pushing the Union army towards the south and cutting off from the roads to Chattanooga. He ordered Cleburne’s division (Lieutenant-General Daniel Harvey Hill’s corps) to join Polk on the army’s right flank. This area of the battlefield had been quiet for several hours while the fighting moved progressively southward. Thomas had been consolidating his lines, withdrawing slightly to the west into what he considered a superior defensive position. He had gathered Reynolds’ division after it had stemmed the tide at Widow Glenn’s but left Negley’s division there to fill the gap where Van Cleve had been routed. Reynolds fitted between Palmer’s and Brannan’s divisions. Johnson’s and Baird’s Union divisions were on the left rear of Thomas covering the possible route for a withdrawal and they also were alerted to the risk of an attack. Cleburne had moved from Lee and Gordon’s Mills just as Stewart’s attack was failing and Hood’s was becoming serious. Fording the Chickamauga well above Alexander’s Bridge, they crossed through deep water and marched for four more miles to their assigned attacking position. At sunset, Cleburne launched an attack with three Confederate brigades in a single line one mile long, from left to right, under Brigadier-General James Deshler, Brigadier-General Sterling Alexander Martin Wood, and Brigadier-General Lucius Eugene Polk. The attack hit Baird’s and Johnson’s tired divisions but it degenerated into chaos in the limited visibility of twilight and smoke from burning underbrush. Some of Baird’s men advanced to support Colonel Philemon P Baldwin’s brigade (Johnson’s division), but mistakenly fired at them and were subjected to friendly fire in return. Baldwin was shot dead while attempting to lead a counterattack. Deshler’s brigade missed their objective entirely. Preston Smith led his brigade forward to support Deshler and mistakenly rode into the lines of Colonel Joseph B Dodge’s brigade (Johnson’s division), where he was shot and mortally wounded. By 9 am Cleburne’s well-drilled men had captured three guns and 400 men and gained possession of the Winfrey field. Johnson and Baird’s outnumbered men were driven in disorder inside Thomas’ new defensive line. Full darkness brought an end to the fighting. Thomas again aligned Baird’s and Brannan’s divisions on the left and right along the Lafayette Road. He ordered every man to build breastworks and to strengthen this defensive line.
At Bragg’s headquarters at Thedford’s Ford, the Confederate commanding general was pleased with the day’s events although his attacks had been launched in a disjointed fashion, failing to achieve a concentration of mass to defeat Rosecrans or cut him off from Chattanooga. Bragg met individually with some of his subordinates and informed them that he was reorganising the Army of Tennessee temporarily into two wings. Polk, the senior Lieutenant-General, was given the Left Wing including command of Hill’s Corps, Walker’s Corps, and Cheatham’s Division. Longstreet had finally reached the vicinity in person during the afternoon but lacked a guide and did not reach Bragg’s headquarters until nearly midnight and a brief encounter with Union pickets. Although Longstreet had not seen the field, Bragg designated him as the Right Wing commander for the second day of the battle, commanding his own Corps under Hood, Buckner’s Corps, and Hindman’s Division transferred from Polk’s Corps. Technically, Longstreet’s Corps remained under the authority of the Army of Northern Virginia and was never officially assigned to the Army of the Tennessee and this was a convenient measure to avoid the command anomaly.
Polk was ordered to initiate the assault on the Union left at daybreak, beginning with Breckinridge’s division. Breckinridge, Preston, and Hindman had the army’s freshest troops and would spearhead an advance en echelon from right to left. After the attack was begun by Breckinridge it would gradually extend all along the line, progressively by Cleburne, Stewart, Hood, McLaws, Johnson, Hindman, and the unengaged division of Brigadier-General William Preston (Buckner’s Corps). Longstreet did not personally receive these orders until 11 pm. Hill had not been able to find the army headquarters and was not informed directly by Bragg of his effective demotion to become Polk’s subordinate but learned his new status from a staff officer. Hill did not learn his role in the upcoming battle either as the courier sent with written orders was not able to find Hill and returned to his unit without informing anyone. Breckinridge, one of Hill’s division commanders, was at Polk’s headquarters and he was ordered to take a position on Cleburne’s right, extending the line northwards beyond the supposed Union defences, but was not informed that his division was to initiate the dawn attack.
During the night, Confederate Brigadier-General Joseph Brevard Kershaw arrived with two brigades of McLaws’ division, following a forced march from the railroad station at Ringgold. Kershaw was sent to reinforce Hood. Hindman’s division was moved between the divisions of Hood and Preston.
On the Union side, Rosecrans held a council of war at 11 am with most of his senior commanders to determine a course of action for the following day. The army chief of staff, Brigadier-General James Abram Garfield, chaired the discussion and presented a map delineating, as far as could be discerned, the positions of the various formations on both sides. The three corps commanders were present, Thomas, Crittenden, and McCook. The Army of the Cumberland had been significantly reduced in the first day’s battle and had only five fresh brigades available, whereas the Confederate army was still receiving reinforcements and outnumbered the Union forces. The Union army had survived a serious threat on its left flank and repelled two dangerous penetrations in the centre and on his right only by the opportune arrival of reinforcements. These facts ruled out any thought of a Union offensive. The options of retreating or standing to fight remained. McCook and Crittenden offered little in the way of ideas, each having had at least one division wrecked and another taken away to reinforce Thomas. Thomas’ only observation was that the left flank, his own front, should be reinforced but he did not specify how or from where. The presence of Assistant Secretary of War Charles Anderson Dana at the meeting made any discussion of retreat difficult and Rosecrans was constrained by the presence of the political observer. He decided that his army had to remain in place and on the defensive. An overnight retreat along the difficult roads through Rossville Gap and McFarland’s Gaps to Chattanooga was unacceptably dangerous. Unwarranted wishful thinking suggested that Bragg might withdraw overnight and so the army would hold its ground but shorten its lines for safety.
Rosecrans’ defensive line consisted of Thomas with five divisions on his left in a salient that encompassed the Kelly Farm east of the Lafayette Road. Thomas’ engineers had fortified this line overnight with log breastworks and he was ordered to hold his ground. McCook would withdraw his two divisions from the Viniard field and anchor his right on Negley’s division near the Widow Glenn’s House on Thomas’ right. Crittenden’s two divisions were drawn into reserve. Granger’s Corps, with its three brigades, was ordered to hold on to Rossville Gap at all costs, but Granger also had to prepare to support either Thomas or McCook, although practically he could only come to the support of Thomas.

ORDER OF BATTLE: CHICKAMAUGA, GA

Union Department of the Cumberland: Major-General William Starke Rosecrans
Army of the Cumberland: Major-General William Starke Rosecrans
XIV Corps: Major-General George Henry Thomas
1st Division, XIV Corps: Brigadier-General Absalom Baird
1^st Brigade, 1^st Division, XIV Corps: Colonel Benjamin Franklin Scribner
2^nd Brigade, 1^st Division, XIV Corps: Brigadier-General John Converse Starkweather
3^rd Brigade, 1^st Division, XIV Corps: Brigadier-General John Haskell King
2^nd Division, XIV Corps: Major-General James Scott Negley
1^st Brigade, 2^nd Division, XIV Corps: Brigadier-General John Beatty
2^nd Brigade, 2^nd Division, XIV Corps: Colonel Timothy R Stanley
3^rd Brigade, 2^nd Division, XIV Corps: Colonel William Sirwell
3^rd Division, XIV Corps: Brigadier-General John Milton Brannan
1^st Brigade, 3^rd Division, XIV Corps: Colonel John M Connell
2^nd Brigade, 3^rd Division, XIV Corps: Colonel John T Croxton
3^rd Brigade, 3^rd Division, XIV Corps: Colonel Ferdinand Van Derveer
4^th Division, XIV Corps: Major-General Joseph Jones Reynolds
1^st “Lightning” Brigade, 4^th Division, XIV Corps: Colonel John T Wilder
2^nd Brigade, 4^th Division, XIV Corps: Colonel Edward A King
3^rd Brigade, 4^th Division, XIV Corps: Brigadier-General John Basil Turchin
XX Corps: Major-General Alexander McDowell McCook
1^st Division, XX Corps: Brigadier-General Jefferson Columbus Davis
1^st Brigade, 1^st Division, XX Corps: Colonel P Sidney Post
2^nd Brigade, 1^st Division, XX Corps: Brigadier-General William Passmore Carlin
3^rd Brigade, 1^st Division, XX Corps: Colonel Hans C Heg
2^nd Division, XX Corps: Brigadier-General Richard William Johnson
1^st Brigade, 2^nd Division, XX Corps: Brigadier-General August Willich
2^nd Brigade, 2^nd Division, XX Corps: Colonel Joseph B Dodge
3^rd Brigade, 2^nd Division, XX Corps: Colonel Philemon P Baldwin
3^rd Division, XX Corps: Major-General Philip Henry Sheridan
1^st Brigade, 3^rd Division, XX Corps: Brigadier-General William Haines Lytle
2^nd Brigade, 3^rd Division, XX Corps: Colonel Bernard Laibodt
3^rd Brigade, 3^rd Division, XX Corps: Colonel Luther Prentice Bradley
XXI Corps: Major-General Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
1^st Division, XXI Corps: Brigadier-General Thomas Joseph Wood
1^st Brigade, 1^st Division, XXI Corps: Colonel George P Buell
2^nd Brigade, 1^st Division, XXI Corps: Brigadier-General George Day Wagner (at Chattanooga)
3^rd Brigade, 1^st Division, XXI Corps: Colonel Charles Garrison Harker
2^nd Division, XXI Corps: Major-General John McAuley Palmer
1^st Brigade, 2^nd Division, XXI Corps: Brigadier-General Charles Cruft
2^nd Brigade, 2^nd Division, XXI Corps: Brigadier-General William Babcock Hazen
3^rd Brigade, 2^nd Division, XXI Corps: Colonel William Grose
3^rd Division, XXI Corps: Brigadier-General Horatio Phillips Van Cleve
1^st Brigade, 3^rd Division, XXI Corps: Brigadier-General Samuel Beatty
2^nd Brigade, 3^rd Division, XXI Corps: Colonel George F Dick
3^rd Brigade, 3^rd Division, XXI Corps: Colonel Sidney M Barnes
Reserve Corps: Major-General Gordon Granger
1^st Division, Reserve Corps: Brigadier-General James Blair Steedman
1^st Brigade, 1^st Division, Reserve Corps: Brigadier-General Walter Chiles Whitaker
2^nd Brigade, 1^st Division, Reserve Corps: Colonel John G Mitchell
3^rd Brigade, 1^st Division, Reserve Corps: Utley
2^nd Division, Reserve Corps:
1^st Brigade, 2^nd Division, Reserve Corps:
2^nd Brigade, 2^nd Division, Reserve Corps: Colonel Daniel McCook
Cavalry Corps: Brigadier-General Robert Byington Mitchell
1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps: Colonel Edward M McCook
1^st Cavalry Brigade, 1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps: Colonel Archibald P Campbell
2^nd Cavalry Brigade, 1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps: Colonel Daniel M Ray
3^rd Cavalry Brigade, 1^st Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps: Colonel Louis D Watkins
2^nd Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps: Brigadier-General George Crook
1^st Cavalry Brigade, 2^nd Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps: Colonel Robert H G Minty
2^nd Cavalry Brigade, 2^nd Cavalry Division, Cavalry Corps: Colonel Eli Long

Confederate Department of Tennessee: General Braxton Bragg
Army of Tennessee: General Braxton Bragg
Polk’s I Corps (Tennessee): Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk
Cheatham’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham
Jackson’s Brigade, Cheatham’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General John King Jackson
Maney’s Brigade, Cheatham’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General George Earl Maney
Corps’s Brigade, Cheatham’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Preston Smith
Wright’s Brigade, Cheatham’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Marcus Joseph Wright
Strahl’s Brigade, Cheatham’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Otho French Strahl
Hindman’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Thomas Carmichael Hindman
Anderson’s Brigade, Hindman’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General James Patton Anderson
Deas’ Brigade, Hindman’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Zachariah Cantey Deas
Manigault’s Brigade, Hindman’s Division, Polk’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Arthur Middleton Manigault
Hill’s II Corps (Tennessee): Lieutenant-General Daniel Harvey Hill
Cleburne’s Division, Hill’s Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Patrick Ronayne Cleburne
Wood’s Brigade, Cleburne’s Division, Hill’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Sterling Alexander Martin Wood
Polk’s Brigade, Cleburne’s Division, Hill’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Lucius Eugene Polk
Deshler’s Brigade, Cleburne’s Division, Hill’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General James Deshler
Breckinridge’s Division, Hill’s Corps (Tennessee): Major-General John Cabell Breckinridge
Helm’s Brigade, Breckinridge’s Division, Hill’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Benjamin Hardin Helm
Adams’ Brigade, Breckinridge’s Division, Hill’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Daniel Weisiger Adams
Stovall’s Brigade, Breckinridge’s Division, Hill’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Marcellus Augustus Stovall
Reserve Corps (Tennessee): Major-General William Henry Talbot Walker
Walker’s Division, Reserve Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General States Rights Gist
Gist’s Brigade, Walker’s Division, Reserve Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General States Rights Gist, Colonel Peyton H Colquitt
Ector’s Brigade, Walker’s Division, Reserve Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Matthew Duncan Ector
Wilson’s Brigade, Walker’s Division, Reserve Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Claudius Charles Wilson
Liddell’s Division, Reserve Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General St John Richardson Liddell
Liddell’s Brigade, Liddell’s Division, Reserve Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Daniel Chevilette Govan
Walthall’s Brigade, Liddell’s Division, Reserve Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Edward Cary Walthall
Buckner’s III Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Simon Bolivar Buckner
Stewart’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Alexander Peter Stewart
Johnson’s Brigade, Stewart’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Colonel J S Fulton (attached to Johnson’s Provisional Division)
Brown’s Brigade, Stewart’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General John Calvin Brown
Bate’s Brigade, Stewart’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General William Brimage Bate
Clayton’s Brigade, Stewart’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Henry De Lamar Clayton
Buckner’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General William Preston
Gracie’s Brigade, Buckner’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Archibald Gracie
Trigg’s Brigade, Buckner’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Robert C Trigg
Kelly’s Brigade, Buckner’s Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Colonel J H Kelly
Johnson’s (Provisional) Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Bushrod Rust Johnson
Gregg’s Brigade, Johnson’s (Provisional) Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General John Gregg
McNair’s Brigade, Johnson’s (Provisional) Division, Buckner’s Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Evander McNair
Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps (Tennessee): Major-General Joseph Wheeler
Wharton’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General John Austin Wharton
Crews’ Cavalry Brigade, Wharton’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Charles Constantine Crews
Harrison’s Cavalry Brigade, Wharton’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps (Tennessee): Colonel Thomas Harrison
Martin’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General William Thompson Martin
Morgan’s Cavalry Brigade, Martin’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps (Tennessee): Colonel John Tyler Morgan
Russell’s Cavalry Brigade, Martin’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps (Tennessee): Colonel A A Russell
Roddey’s Cavalry Brigade, Martin’s Cavalry Division, Wheeler’s Cavalry Corps (Tennessee): Brigadier-General Philip Dale Roddey
Forrest’s Cavalry Corps: Brigadier-General Nathan Bedford Forrest
Armstrong’s Cavalry Division, Forrest’s Cavalry Corps: Brigadier-General Frank Crawford Armstrong
Armstrong’s Brigade, Armstrong’s Cavalry Division, Forrest’s Cavalry Corps: Colonel J T Wheeler
Forrest’s Cavalry Brigade, Armstrong’s Cavalry Division, Forrest’s Cavalry Corps: Colonel George G Dibrell
Pegram’s Cavalry Division, Forrest’s Cavalry Corps: Brigadier-General John Pegram
Davidson’s Brigade, Pegram’s Cavalry Division, Forrest’s Cavalry Corps: Brigadier-General Henry Brevard Davidson
Morgan’s Cavalry Command, Pegram’s Cavalry Division, Forrest’s Cavalry Corps
Longstreet’s I Corps (Northern Virginia): (attached to Army of Tennesse) Lieutenant-General James Longstreet McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Major-General Lafayette McLaws
Kershaw’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Brigadier-General Joseph Brevard Kershaw
Wofford’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Brigadier-General William Tatum Wofford
Bryan’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Brigadier-General Goode Bryan
Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Major-General John Bell Hood
Jenkins’ Brigade, Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Brigadier-General Micah Jenkins
Law’s Brigade, Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Brigadier-General Evander McIver Law
Robertson’s Brigade, Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Brigadier-General Jerome Bonaparte Robertson
Andersen’s Brigade, Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Brigadier-General George Thomas Anderson
Benning’s Brigade, Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Corps: Brigadier-General Henry Lewis Benning

Louisiana. Skirmish on the Greenwell Springs Road near Baton Rouge.

Louisiana. Following the defeat at Sabine Pass earlier in the month, Union Major-General Nathaniel Prentiss Banks did not give up his plans to occupy important locations in Texas. He decided to send troops up the Bayou Teche, disembark them on the plains and march them overland into Texas. Major-General Ulysses Simpson Grant sent him the 2^nd Division of XIII Army Corps, commanded by Major-General Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana to garrison Morganza and to prevent Confederate troops from operating on the Atchafalaya River. A 1,000-man detachment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel J B Leake, was at Stirling’s Plantation to guard the road to the Atchafalaya River and deter any enemy troops from passing by. Confederate Brigadier-General Jean Jacques Alfred Alexandre Mouton, commander of the Sub-District of Southwestern Louisiana, decided that he had a favourable opportunity to defeat the Union forces around Fordoche Bridge. He instructed Brigadier-General Thomas Green to prepare for such an attack.

Missouri. Expedition to Springfield ended.

Missouri. Reconnaissance to Boone County ended.

North Carolina. Expedition to Indiantown ended.

South Carolina. Horace L Hunley, the inventor of the submersible boat named after him, requested command in action. He planned to recruit a new crew of experienced men from Mobile and to attempt to destroy an enemy ship at Charleston. Three days later, Confederate Brigadier-General Thomas Jordan, the Chief of Staff of General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard at Charleston, directed that the submarine be handed over to Hunley. Hunley brought a crew to Charleston from Mobile and the H F Hunley was prepared for action. After several practice dives the vessel was judged to be ready for an attack.

Tennessee. Expedition from Fort Pillow to Jackson began.

Tennessee. Skirmish at Bristol.

Tennessee. Skirmish at Como.

Texas. The coal schooner Manhasset was driven ashore in a gale at Sabine Pass. The wreck was subsequently seized by Confederate troops.

Virginia. A small boat expedition under command of Acting Masters John Y Beall and Edward McGuire CSN captured the schooner Alliance with a cargo of sutlers’ stores in the Chesapeake Bay.

Virginia. Reconnaissance to Great Bridge ended.

Virginia. Skirmishes at Eastville, Strasburg, and Raccoon Ford.

West Virginia. Incident at Corpsfield.

Union Organisation

USA: Brigadier-General Napoleon Bonaparte Buford assumed command of the District of Eastern Arkansas, succeeding Brigadier-General Frederick Sigel Salomon.

USA: James Abram Garfield promoted Major-General USV 19 September 1863 but declined.

USA: Henry Warner Birge promoted Brigadier-General USV 19 September 1863.

Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln
Vice-President: Hannibal Hamlin
Secretary of War: Edwin McMasters Stanton
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles

North Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Samuel Phillips Lee
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron: John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren
West Gulf Blockading Squadron: David Glasgow Farragut
East Gulf Blockading Squadron: Theodorus Bailey
Pacific Squadron: John Berrien Montgomery
Mississippi River Squadron: David Dixon Porter
Potomac Flotilla: Andrew Allen Harwood

General–in-Chief: Henry Wager Halleck

Department of the Cumberland: William Starke Rosecrans

Army of the Cumberland: William Starke Rosecrans
- XIV Corps Cumberland: George Henry Thomas
- XX Corps Cumberland: Alexander McDowell McCook
- XXI Corps Cumberland: Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
- Reserve Corps Cumberland: Gordon Granger
- Cavalry Corps Cumberland: Robert Byington Mitchell temporary

Department of the East: John Adams Dix

Department of the Gulf: Nathaniel Prentiss Banks

District of Port Hudson: George Leonard Andrews
District of Pensacola: William Cune Holbrook
District of La Fourche: Henry Warner Birge
District of Key West and Tortugas: Charles Hamilton
Defences of New Orleans: Edward Griffin Beckwith
Army of the Gulf: Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
- XIII Corps Gulf: Edward Otho Cresap Ord
- XIX Corps Gulf: William Buel Franklin

Middle Department: Robert Cumming Schenck

District of Delaware: Daniel Tyler
District of the Eastern Shore of Maryland: Henry Hayes Lockwood
VIII Corps Middle: Robert Cumming Schenck

Department of the Missouri: John McAllister Schofield

District of St Louis: William Kerley Strong
District of Southeast Missouri: Clinton Bowen Fisk
District of Southwest Missouri: John McNeil
District of Northeast Missouri: Thomas Jefferson McKean
District of North Missouri: Odon Guitar
District of Central Missouri: Egbert Benson Brown
District of Rolla: Thomas Alfred Davies
District of Nebraska Territory: Thomas Jefferson McKean
District of the Frontier: James Gilpatrick Blunt
District of the Border: Thomas Ewing
Army of Arkansas: Frederick Steele

Department of the Monongahela: William Thomas Harbaugh Brooks

Department of New Mexico: James Henry Carleton

District of Arizona: Joseph Rodman West

Department of the Northwest: John Pope

District of Minnesota: Henry Hastings Sibley
District of Wisconsin: Thomas Church Haskell Corps
District of Iowa: Benjamin Stone Roberts
District of Dakota: Alfred Sully

Department of the Ohio: Ambrose Everett Burnside

District of Kentucky: Jeremiah Tilford Boyle
District of Eastern Kentucky: George W Gallup
District of Western Kentucky: Jeremiah Tilford Boyle
District of Illinois: Jacob Ammen
District of Indiana: John Corps Simonson
District of Ohio: Jacob Dolson Cox
Army of the Ohio: Ambrose Everett Burnside
- IX Corps Ohio: Ambrose Everett Burnside
- XXIII Corps Ohio: George Lucas Hartsuff

Department of the Pacific: George Wright

District of the Humboldt: Stephen Girard Whipple
District of Oregon: Benjamin Alvord
District of Southern California: James Freeman Curtis
District of Utah: Patrick Edward Connor

Department of the Potomac: George Gordon Meade

Army of the Potomac: George Gordon Meade
- I Corps Potomac: John Newton
- II Corps Potomac: Gouverneur Kemble Warren
- III Corps Potomac: William Henry French
- V Corps Potomac: George Sykes
- VI Corps Potomac: John Sedgwick
- XI Corps Potomac: Oliver Otis Howard
- XII Corps Potomac: Henry Warner Slocum
- Cavalry Corps Potomac: Alfred Pleasonton

Department of the South: Quincy Adams Gillmore

X Corps South: Quincy Adams Gillmore

Department of the Susquehanna: Darius Nash Couch

Lehigh District: Franz Sigel

Department of the Tennessee: Ulysses Simpson Grant

District of West Tennessee: Stephen Augustus Hurlbut
- Sub-District of Memphis: James Clifford Veatch
District of Eastern Arkansas: Napoleon Bonaparte Buford
District of Northeast Louisiana: John Parker Hawkins
Army of the Tennessee: Ulysses Simpson Grant
- XV Corps Tennessee: William Tecumseh Sherman
- XVI Corps Tennessee: Stephen Augustus Hurlbut
  - Left Wing XVI Corps Tennessee: Grenville Mellen Dodge
- XVII Corps Tennessee: James Birdseye McPherson

Department of Virginia and North Carolina: Benjamin Franklin Butler

District of North Carolina: John James Peck
- Sub-District of Albemarle: Henry Walton Wessells
- Sub-District of the Pamlico: Josiah Pickett
- Sub-District of Beaufort NC: Charles Adam Heckman
- Defences of New Bern: Innis Newton Palmer
District of Virginia: Henry Morris Naglee
- Sub-District of Yorktown: Isaac Jones Wistar
Army of North Carolina: John James Peck
- XVIII Corps North Carolina: John Gray Foster

Department of Washington: Samuel Peter Heintzelman

District of Alexandria: John Potts Slough
District of Washington: John Henry Martindale
XXII Corps Washington: Samuel Peter Heintzelman

Department of Western Virginia: Benjamin Franklin Kelley

Army of the Kanawha: George Crook

District of St Mary’s: Gilman Marston

Confederate Organisation

CSA: Right Wing (Tennessee) was established in the Army of Tennessee, comprising comprised I Corps (Northern Virginia) reinforced by Major-General Bushrod Tyler Johnson’s division, III Corps (Tennessee) and Major-General Thomas Carmichael Hindman’s division from I Corps (Tennessee).
CSA: Lieutenant-General James Longstreet assumed command of Right Wing (Tennessee).

CSA: Left Wing (Tennessee) was established in the Army of Tennessee, comprising II Corps (Tennessee), Reserve Corps (Tennessee), reinforced by Major-General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham’s division from I Corps (Tennessee).
CSA: Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk assumed command of Left Wing (Tennessee).

CSA: I Corps (Tennessee) transferred to Left Wing (Tennessee).
CSA: Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk retained command of I Corps (Tennessee).

CSA: I Corps (Northern Virginia) transferred to Right Wing (Tennessee).
CSA: Major-General John Bell Hood retained temporary command of I Corps (Northern Virginia).

CSA: III Corps (Tennessee) transferred to Right Wing (Tennessee).
CSA: Major-General Simon Bolivar Buckner retained command of III Corps (Tennessee).

CSA: II Corps (Tennessee) transferred to Left Wing (Tennessee).
CSA: Lieutenant-General Daniel Harvey Hill retained command of II Corps (Tennessee).

CSA: Reserve Corps (Tennessee) transferred to Left Wing (Tennessee).
CSA: Major-General William Henry Talbot Walker retained command of Reserve Corps (Tennessee).

CSA: Thomas Neville Waul confirmed Brigadier-General PACS 19 September 1863 to rank from 18 September 1863.

CSA: Edmund Winston Pettus confirmed Brigadier-General PACS 19 September 1863 to rank from 18 September 1863.

CSA: Brigadier-General Preston Smith was killed at Chickamauga, Georgia.

Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis
Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of War: James Alexander Seddon
Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory

Military Adviser to the President: Vacant

Military Division of the West: Joseph Eggleston Johnston

Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana: William Joseph Hardee
- Gulf District: Dabney Herndon Maury
- Army of Mississippi: William Joseph Hardee

Department of Henrico: John Henry Winder

Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia: William Henry Chase Whiting

Department of Northern Virginia: Robert Edward Lee

Army of Northern Virginia: Robert Edward Lee
- II Corps Northern Virginia: Richard Stoddert Ewell
- III Corps Northern Virginia: Ambrose Powell Hill
- Cavalry Corps Northern Virginia: James Ewell Brown Stuart
Valley District: John Daniel Imboden

Department of Richmond: Robert Ransom temporary

Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida: Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard

District of Georgia: Hugh Weedon Mercer
District of South Carolina: Roswell Sabine Ripley
- 1^st Sub-District of South Carolina: Roswell Sabine Ripley
- 2^nd Sub-District of South Carolina: James Heyward Trapier
- 3^rd Sub-District of South Carolina: William Stephen Walker
- 4^th Sub-District of South Carolina: James Heyward Trapier
District of East Florida: Joseph Finegan
District of Middle Florida: Joseph Finegan
District of West Florida: John Horace Forney
Defences of Savannah: Jeremy Francis Gilmer

Department of Tennessee: Braxton Bragg

District of East Tennessee: Samuel Jones temporary
- District of Abingdon: William Preston
District of Western North Carolina: Robert Brank Vance
Army of Tennessee: Braxton Bragg
- Left Wing (Tennessee): Leonidas Polk
  - I Corps Tennessee: Leonidas Polk
  - II Corps Tennessee: Daniel Harvey Hill
  - Reserve Corps Tennessee: William Henry Talbot Walker
- Right Wing (Tennessee): James Longstreet
  - I Corps Northern Virginia: John Bell Hood temporary
  - III Corps Tennessee: Simon Bolivar Buckner
- Cavalry Corps Tennessee: Joseph Wheeler

Trans-Allegheny Department: Samuel Jones

Trans-Mississippi Department: Edmund Kirby Corps

District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona: John Bankhead Magruder
- Western Sub-District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona: Hamilton Prioleau Bee
  - Sub-District of the Rio Grande: Hamilton Prioleau Bee
- Eastern Sub-District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona: Philip Noland Luckett temporary
- Sub-District of Houston: Xavier Blanchard Debray
- Northern Sub-District Texas, New Mexico and Arizona: Henry Eustace McCullough
District of Arkansas: Sterling Price temporary
District of West Louisiana: Richard Taylor
District of Indian Territory: Douglas Hancock Cooper interim William Steele awaited
Defences of Pass Cavallo: John W Glenn
Trans-Mississippi Army: Edmund Kirby Corps

Union Generals

Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission

Major-General USA

George Brinton McClellan
John Charles Frémont
Henry Wager Halleck
Ulysses Simpson Grant

Major-General USV

Asterisk indicates concurrently Brigadier-General USA

John Adams Dix
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
Benjamin Franklin Butler
David Hunter
Ethan Allen Hitchcock
Irvin McDowell*
Ambrose Everett Burnside
William Starke Rosecrans*
Don Carlos Buell
John Pope*
Samuel Ryan Curtis
Franz Sigel
John Alexander McClernand
Lewis Wallace
George Henry Thomas
George Cadwalader
William Tecumseh Sherman*
Edward Otho Cresap Ord
Samuel Peter Heintzelman
Erasmus Darwin Keyes
Joseph Hooker*
Silas Casey
William Buel Franklin
Darius Nash Couch
Henry Warner Slocum
John James Peck
John Sedgwick
Alexander McDowell McCook
Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
John Gray Foster
John Grubb Parke
Christopher Columbus Augur
Robert Cumming Schenck
Stephen Augustus Hurlbut
Gordon Granger
Lovell Harrison Rousseau
James Birdseye McPherson*
Benjamin Mayberry Prentiss
George Stoneman
George Gordon Meade*
Oliver Otis Howard
Daniel Edgar Sickles
Robert Huston Milroy
Daniel Butterfield
Winfield Scott Hancock
George Sykes
William Henry French
David Sloane Stanley
James Scott Negley
John McAllister Schofield
John McAuley Palmer
Frederick Steele
Abner Doubleday
Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana
Richard James Oglesby
John Alexander Logan
James Gilpatrick Blunt
George Lucas Hartsuff
Cadwallader Colden Washburn
Francis Jay Herron
Francis Preston Blair
Joseph Jones Reynolds
Philip Henry Sheridan
Julius Stahel
Carl Schurz
John Newton
Gouverneur Kemble Warren
David Bell Birney
William Thomas Harbaugh Brooks
Alfred Pleasonton
John Buford
Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
Quincy Adams Gillmore

Brigadier-General USA

Brackets indicates concurrently Major-General USV

(Irvin McDowell)
Robert Anderson
(William Starke Rosecrans)
Philip St George Cooke
(John Pope)
(Joseph Hooker)
(George Gordon Meade)
(William Tecumseh Sherman)
(James Birdseye McPherson)

Brigadier-General USV

Andrew Porter
Charles Pomeroy Stone
Thomas West Sherman
William Reading Montgomery
Rufus King
Benjamin Franklin Kelley
Jacob Dolson Cox
Alpheus Starkey Williams
James Brewerton Ricketts
Orlando Bolivar Willcox
Michael Corcoran
Henry Hayes Lockwood
James Samuel Wadsworth
George Webb Morell
John Henry Martindale
Samuel Davis Sturgis
Henry Washington Benham
William Farrar Smith
Egbert Ludovicus Vielé
William Farquhar Barry
John Joseph Abercrombie
Lawrence Pike Graham
Eleazar Arthur Paine
Willis Arnold Gorman
Horatio Gouverneur Wright
William Thomas Ward
John Gross Barnard
Innis Newton Palmer
Seth Williams
George Wright
John Milton Brannan
John Porter Hatch
William Kerley Strong
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Thomas John Wood
Richard W Johnson
Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich Von Steinwehr
George Washington Cullum
Jeremiah Tilford Boyle
Thomas Jefferson McKean
Zealous Bates Tower
Jefferson Columbus Davis
James Henry Lane
James Abram Garfield
Lewis Golding Arnold
William Scott Ketchum
John Wynn Davidson
Henry Morris Naglee
Andrew Johnson
James Gallant Spears
Eugene Asa Carr
Thomas Alfred Davies
Daniel Tyler
William Hemsley Emory
Andrew Jackson Smith
Marsena Rudolph Patrick
Isaac Ferdinand Quinby
Orris Sanford Ferry
Daniel Phineas Woodbury
Henry Moses Judah
John Cook
John McArthur
Jacob Gartner Lauman
Horatio Phillips Van Cleve
Speed Smith Fry
Alexander Asboth
James Craig
Mahlon Dickerson Manson
Edward Richard Sprigg Canby
Grenville Mellen Dodge
Robert Byington Mitchell
Cuvier Grover
Rufus Saxton
Benjamin Alvord
Napoleon Bonaparte Buford
William Sooy Smith
Nathan Kimball
Charles Devens
Samuel Wylie Crawford
Henry Walton Wessells
Milo Smith Hascall
John White Geary
Alfred Howe Terry
James Henry Carleton
Absalom Baird
John Cleveland Robinson
Truman Seymour
Henry Prince
Maximilian Weber
Jeremiah Cutler Sullivan
Alvin Peterson Hovey
James Clifford Veatch
William Plummer Benton
John Curtis Caldwell
Neal Dow
George Sears Greene
Samuel Powhatan Carter
John Gibbon
Erastus Barnard Tyler
Charles Griffin
George Henry Gordon
James Madison Tuttle
Julius White
Peter Joseph Osterhaus
Stephen Gano Burbridge
Washington Lafayette Elliott
Albion Parris Howe
Green Clay Smith
Benjamin Stone Roberts
Jacob Ammen
Fitz-Henry Warren
Morgan Lewis Smith
Charles Cruft
Frederick Salomon
John Basil Turchin
Henry Shaw Briggs
James Dada Morgan
Johann August Ernst Willich
Henry Dwight Terry
James Blair Steedman
George Foster Shepley
John Reese Kenly
John Potts Slough
Godfrey Weitzel
George Crook
Thomas Leiper Kane
Gershom Mott
Henry Jackson Hunt
Francis Channing Barlow
Mason Brayman
Nathaniel James Jackson
George Washington Getty
Alfred Sully
William Woods Averell
Alexander Hays
Francis Barretto Spinola
John Henry Hobart Ward
Solomon Meredith
James Bowen
Eliakim Parker Scammon
Robert Seaman Granger
Joseph Rodman West
Alfred Washington Ellet
George Leonard Andrews
Clinton Bowen Fisk
William Hays
Israel Vogdes
David Allen Russell
Lewis Cass Hunt
Frank Wheaton
John Sanford Mason
David McMurtrie Gregg
Robert Ogden Tyler
Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert
William Haines Lytle
Gilman Marston
William Dwight
Sullivan Amory Meredith
Nathaniel Collins McLean
William Vandever
Alexander Schimmelfennig
Charles Kinnaird Graham
John Eugene Smith
Joseph Tarr Copeland
Charles Adam Heckman
Stephen Gardner Champlin
Edward Elmer Potter
Thomas Algeo Rowley
Henry Beebee Carrington
John Haskell King
Adam Jacoby Slemmer
Thomas Hewson Neill
Thomas Gamble Pitcher
Thomas William Sweeny
William Passmore Carlin
Romeyn Beck Ayres
William Babcock Hazen
James St Clair Morton
Joseph Anthony Mower
Richard Arnold
Edward Winslow Hinks
Michael Kelly Lawler
George Day Wagner
Lysander Cutler
Joseph Farmer Knipe
John Dunlap Stevenson
James Barnes
Theophilus Toulmin Garrard
Edward Harland
Samuel Beatty
Isaac Jones Wistar
Franklin Stillman Nickerson
Edward Henry Hobson
Ralph Pomeroy Buckland
Joseph Dana Webster
William Ward Orme
William Hopkins Morris
John Beatty
Thomas Howard Ruger
Thomas Edward Greenfield Ransom
Elias Smith Dennis
Thomas Church Haskell Smith
Mortimer Dormer Leggett
Davis Tillson
Hector Tyndale
Albert Lindley Lee
Charles Leopold Matthies
Marcellus Monroe Crocker
Egbert Benson Brown
John McNeil
George Francis McGinnis
Hugh Boyle Ewing
James Winning McMillan
James Murrell Shackelford
Daniel Ullmann
George Jerrison Stannard
Henry Baxter
John Milton Thayer
Charles Thomas Campbell
Halbert Eleazer Paine
Hugh Thompson Reid
Robert Brown Potter
Thomas Ewing
Joseph Andrew Jackson Lightburn
Thomas Greely Stevenson
Henry Hastings Sibley
Joseph Bradford Carr
Joseph Jackson Bartlett
Joshua Thomas Owen
Patrick Edward Connor
John Parker Hawkins
Gabriel René Paul
Edward Augustus Wild
Edward Ferrero
Adelbert Ames
William Birney
Daniel Henry Rucker
Robert Allen
Rufus Ingalls
Gustavus Adolphus De Russy
Alexander Shaler
Benjamin Henry Grierson
Robert Sanford Foster
Hugh Judson Kilpatrick
Alexander Stewart Webb
Alfred Napoleon Alexander Duffié
Walter Chiles Whitaker
Wesley Merritt
George Armstrong Custer
William Denison Whipple
John Converse Starkweather
Kenner Garrard
Charles Robert Woods
John Benjamin Sanborn
Giles Alexander Smith
Samuel Allen Rice
Jasper Adalmorn Maltby
Thomas Kilby Smith
Walter Quintin Gresham
Manning Ferguson Force
Robert Alexander Cameron
John Murray Corse
John Aaron Rawlins
Alexander Chambers
Alvan Cullem Gillem
James Clay Rice
John Wesley Turner
Henry Lawrence Eustis
Henry Eugene Davies
Andrew Jackson Hamilton
Henry Warner Birge

Brigadier-General USA (Staff)

Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (Quartermaster-General)
Lorenzo Thomas
William Alexander Hammond (Surgeon-General)
Joseph Pannell Taylor (Commissary-General of Subsistence
Joseph Gilbert Totten (Engineers)
George Douglas Ramsay (Ordnance)

Confederate Generals

Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission

General ACSA/PACS

Samuel Cooper
Robert Edward Lee
Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Braxton Bragg

Lieutenant-General PACS

James Longstreet
Edmund Kirby Smith
Leonidas Polk
Theophilus Hunter Holmes
William Joseph Hardee
John Clifford Pemberton
Richard Stoddert Ewell
Ambrose Powell Hill
Daniel Harvey Hill

Major-General PACS

Benjamin Huger
John Bankhead Magruder
Mansfield Lovell
William Wing Loring
Sterling Price
Benjamin Franklin Cheatham
Samuel Jones
John Porter McCown
Thomas Carmichael Hindman
John Cabell Breckinridge
Lafayette McLaws
Richard Heron Anderson
James Ewell Brown Stuart
Richard Taylor
Simon Bolivar Buckner
Samuel Gibbs French
George Edward Pickett
Carter Littlepage Stevenson
John Bell Hood
John Horace Forney
Dabney Herndon Maury
Martin Luther Smith
John George Walker
Arnold Elzey
Patrick Ronayne Cleburne
Franklin Gardner
Isaac Ridgeway Trimble
Jubal Anderson Early
Joseph Wheeler
Edward Johnson
William Henry Chase Whiting
Robert Emmett Rodes
William Henry Talbot Walker
Henry Heth
Robert Ransom
Alexander Peter Stewart
Jones Mitchell Withers
Stephen Dill Lee
Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox
Wade Hampton
Fitzhugh Lee
William Smith
Howell Cobb

Brigadier-General PACS

Alexander Robert Lawton
Charles Clark
Henry Alexander Wise
Henry Hopkins Sibley
John Henry Winder
Gideon Johnson Pillow
Daniel Ruggles
Roswell Sabine Ripley
Paul Octave Hébert
Albert Gallatin Blanchard
Gabriel James Rains
Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Nathan George Evans
James Heyward Trapier
Hugh Weedon Mercer
William Montgomery Gardner
William Mahone
Raleigh Edward Colston
Sterling Alexander Martin Wood
John King Jackson
Bushrod Rust Johnson
James Patton Anderson
George Wythe Randolph
Joseph Brevard Kershaw
James Ronald Chalmers
Daniel Leadbetter
William Whann Mackall
Daniel Marsh Frost
Winfield Scott Featherston
Thomas James Churchill
William Booth Taliaferro
Albert Rust
Samuel Bell Maxey
Hamilton Prioleau Bee
James Morrison Hawes
George Hume Steuart
James Edwin Slaughter
Charles William Field
Seth Maxwell Barton
Henry Eustace McCullough
Benjamin Hardin Helm
John Selden Roane
States Rights Gist
William Nelson Pendleton
Joseph Finegan
William Nelson Rector Beall
Thomas Jordan
William Preston
John Echols
George Earl Maney
Jean Jacques Alfred Alexandre Mouton
John Stuart Williams
James Green Martin
Thomas Lanier Clingman
Daniel Weisiger Adams
Louis Hébert
John Creed Moore
Ambrose Ransom Wright
James Lawson Kemper
James Jay Archer
Beverley Holcombe Robertson
St John Richardson Liddell
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Johnson Hagood
Micah Jenkins
Harry Thompson Hays
Albert Gallatin Jenkins
Matthew Duncan Ector
Edward Aylesworth Perry
John Gregg
John Calvin Brown
Alfred Holt Colquitt
Junius Daniel
Abraham Buford
William Steele
James Fleming Fagan
William Read Scurry
Francis Asbury Shoup
Joseph Robert Davis
William Henry Fitzhugh Lee
William Edmondson Jones
William Edwin Baldwin
John Crawford Vaughn
Evander McIvor Law
William Brimage Bate
Elkanah Brackin Greer
Francis Redding Tillou Nicholls
Preston Smith KIA
Alfred Cumming
William Stephen Walker
George Pierce Doles
Carnot Posey
Montgomery Dent Corse
George Thomas Anderson
Alfred Iverson
James Henry Lane
Edward Lloyd Thomas
Stephen Dodson Ramseur
John Rogers Cooke
Jerome Bonaparte Robertson
Evander McNair
Archibald Gracie
William Robertson Boggs
James Camp Tappan
Dandridge McRae
Mosby Monroe Parsons
John Pegram
John Sappington Marmaduke
John Austin Wharton
William Thompson Martin
John Hunt Morgan
Marcus Joseph Wright
Zachariah Cantey Deas
Lucius Eugene Polk
Edward Cary Walthall
John Adams
William Hicks Jackson
James Cantey
Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac
Robert Frederick Hoke
Henry Lewis Benning
William Tatum Wofford
Samuel McGowan
Marcellus Augustus Stovall
George Blake Cosby
Francis Crawford Armstrong
William Lewis Cabell
John Daniel Imboden
Alfred Eugene Jackson
Robert Brank Vance
Henry Delamar Clayton
Arthur Middleton Manigault
Douglas Hancock Cooper
John Brown Gordon
John Wilkins Whitfield
James Alexander Walker
John Marshall Jones
Thomas Green
Matthew Whitaker Ransom
Alfred Moore Scales
George Washington Custis Lee
Henry Harrison Walker
Gabriel Colvin Wharton
Francis Marion Cockrell
James Patrick Major
Samuel Wragg Ferguson
Lunsford Lindsay Lomax
Laurence Simmons Baker
Otho French Strahl
Philip Dale Roddey
Eppa Hunton
Thomas Pleasant Dockery
Benjamin Grubb Humphreys
Henry Brevard Davidson
Henry Watkins Allen
Cullen Andrews Battle
William Andrew Quarles
William Whedbee Kirkland
Goode Bryan
Matthew Calbraith Butler
Williams Carter Wickham
Robert Daniel Johnston
Abner Monroe Perrin
Alexander Welch Reynolds
Thomas Neville Waul
Edmund Winston Pettus