1862 September 17th

September 17 1862 Wednesday

Battle of Antietam, MD (CWSAC Decisive Battle Union Victory)
Battle of Munfordville, KY (CWSAC Major Battle – Confederate Victory)

Smith’s Invasion of Kentucky
Bragg’s Invasion of Kentucky – Siege of Munfordville
Maryland Campaign
Second Corinth Campaign

Go to September 18 1862

Gulf of Mexico. USS W G Anderson, Acting Master D’Oyley, seized the schooner Reindeer with a cargo of cotton.

Azores. CSS Alabama, Captain Raphael Semmes, captured and burned the whaling ship Virginia.

Florida. A Union flotilla of five gunboats arrived offshore at Saint John’s Bluff. They opened fire on the Confederate shore batteries and then withdrew.

Kentucky. Skirmish near Falmouth.

Kentucky. Skirmishes at Merry Oaks, and on the Bowling Green Road.

Kentucky. The Union retreat from Cumberland Gap began. Union Brigadier-General George Washington Morgan evacuated the fortifications at Cumberland Gap after being cut off by Major-General Edmund Kirby Smith’s invasion of Kentucky. Confederate artillery had been placed on the heights by the observing Confederate division and the position became untenable. Morgan conducted a masterful retreat in the face of superior enemy forces, despite being harassed by constant attacks from Colonel John Hunt Morgan’s cavalry raiders. Morgan’s 8,000 men marched over 200 miles from Cumberland Gap in sixteen days via Manchester and Booneville to Greenup (or Greenupsburg), arriving on 3 October on their way to Camp Dennison in Ohio, losing just 80 men along the way.

Munfordville, Kentucky. The siege of Munfordville and siege of Woodsonville ended. With its railroad line and bridge, Munfordville was an important transportation centre in Kentucky, and Confederate control severely limited the movement of Union supplies and men. The Confederate siege of Munfordville was completed by mid-morning. Realising that Union Major-General Don Carlos Buell’s army was near and wishing to avoid civilian casualties, the Confederates repeated the demand for surrender first communicated two days earlier. Union Colonel John Thomas Wilder requested confirmation of his hopeless position under a flag of truce, and Confederate Major-General Simon Bolivar Buckner escorted him to view the Confederate army to convince him of the futility of resisting. Duly impressed, Wilder agreed to surrender the following day. Union prisoners amounted to 4,267 with 10 guns and all the supplies of the fort. The Union garrison had lost an additional 74 men in the siege (15 killed and 57 wounded) and the Confederates 35 killed and 253 wounded. (CWSAC Major Battle – Confederate Victory)

Antietam, Maryland, also known as Sharpsburg. The battle opened at dawn about 5:30am with an attack down the Hagerstown Turnpike by the Union I Corps under Major-General Joseph Hooker. Hooker’s objective was the plateau on which the Dunker Church stood. It was a modest but distinctive whitewashed building belonging to a local sect of German Baptists. Hooker had approximately 8,600 men in his three divisions, facing about 7,700 defenders under Confederate Major-General Thomas Jonathan Jackson. This slight disparity was offset by the Confederates’ strong defensive positions. Brigadier-General Abner Doubleday’s division (1/I) moved on Hooker’s right, Brigadier-General James Brewerton Ricketts’ division (2/I) moved on the left into the East Woods and through the Miller farm cornfield, and Brigadier-General George Gordon Meade’s Pennsylvania Reserves division (3/I) deployed as a reserve in the centre and slightly to the rear.
Jackson’s defence consisted of two divisions under Brigadier-General Alexander Robert Lawton (Ewell’s Division) and Brigadier-General John Robert Jones (Jackson’s Division) in line from the West Woods, across the Turnpike, and along the southern end of the Miller Cornfield. Four Confederate brigades were held in reserve inside the West Woods with artillery supporting from near the Dunker Church and on Nicodemus Hill.
An artillery duel erupted as Union troops emerged from the North woods towards the cornfield. Seeing the glint of Confederate bayonets concealed in the Cornfield, Hooker halted his infantry and brought up four batteries of artillery, which sent shell and canister over the heads of the Union infantry and into the cornfield. Meade’s 1^st Brigade under Brigadier-General Truman Seymour began advancing through the East Woods and exchanged fire with Colonel James A Walker’s brigade. Walker’s men forced Seymour’s back, aided by artillery support, Ricketts’ division entered the Cornfield. More Confederate fire came from the horse artillery batteries to the west and four batteries under Colonel Stephen Dill Lee on the high ground across the pike from the Dunker Church to the south. Union supporting fire came from nine batteries on the ridge behind the North Woods and four batteries of 20-pounder Parrott rifles, two miles east of Antietam Creek. The conflagration caused heavy casualties on both sides.
Union Brigadier-General Abram Duryea’s brigade of Ricketts’ Division marched directly into volleys from Colonel Marcellus Douglass’ brigade. Enduring heavy fire from a range of 250 yards and receiving no reinforcements, Duryea ordered a withdrawal. The reinforcements that Duryea had expected – two brigades under Brigadier-General George Lucas Hartsuff and Colonel William A Christian – had difficulty reaching the fighting. Hartsuff was wounded by a shell and Christian allegedly dismounted and fled in terror. The men were rallied by Hartsuff’s successor, Colonel Richard Coulter, and advanced into the Cornfield again, where they faced the same artillery and infantry fire as before. Superior Union numbers gradually began to tell, and the Confederate brigade of Brigadier-General Harry Thompson Hays was sent into action. They forced the Union men back again to the East Woods. Hays’ men were beaten back eventually when the Union forces brought up a battery of 3-inch ordnance rifles and rolled them directly into the Cornfield to fire point-blank and slaughtered them. While the Cornfield became a bloody stalemate, a Union advances a few hundred yards to the west was more successful.
Union Brigadier-General John Gibbon’s Brigade of Doubleday’s division (4/1/I) began advancing down and astride the turnpike into the cornfield and the West Woods, pushing aside Jackson’s men. They were halted by a charge by 1,150 men from Brigadier-General William Edwin Starke’s Confederate brigade, who opened fire at a range of thirty yards. The Confederate brigade withdrew after being exposed to fierce return fire and Starke was mortally wounded. The Union advance on the Dunker Church was resumed and cut a large gap in Jackson’s defensive line, which teetered near collapse. Hooker’s Corps was making steady progress at a heavy cost. Around 7:15 am Lee moved Brigadier-General George Thomas Anderson’s brigade from the right flank of the army to aid Jackson.
At 7 am, Confederate Brigadier-General John Bell Hood’s division of 2,300 men was committed to the fight and advanced from the West Woods to push the Union troops back through the Cornfield again. The Texan troops attacked with particular ferocity as they were called from reserve just as they were about to eat the first hot breakfast they had received in days. Hood’s men bore the brunt of the fighting and paid a heavy price but they restored the defensive line and held off the last effort of the Union I Corps. Some Union men rallied around the artillery of Battery B, 4th US Artillery, and Gibbon ensured that it did not lose a single caisson.
Hooker’s men paid heavily and fought hard but failed to achieve their objectives. It was estimated that the Cornfield changed hands no fewer than fifteen times in the course of the morning. Hooker had lost 2,500 casualties and called for support from the 7,200 men of Major-General Joseph King Fenno Mansfield’s XII Corps. The Confederate brigade of Brigadier-General Roswell Sabine Ripley, arriving from the Mumma Farm, southeast of the Cornfield, joined Hood and stabilised the line. When two more of Major-General Daniel Harvey Hill’s brigades under Brigadier-General Alfred Holt Colquitt and Colonel Duncan K McRae arrived, they were more than a match for Mansfield’s force. Half of Mansfield’s men were raw recruits and Mansfield was also inexperienced in battle command, having taken command of the Corps only two days before. Concerned that his men would bolt under fire, he marched his two divisions in a formation that was known as “column of companies, closed in mass,” a dense formation in which a regiment was arrayed ten ranks deep instead of the normal two. The new recruits of Brigadier-General Alpheus Starkey Williams’ Division (1/XII) made little headway against Hood’s line and then Brigadier-General George Sears Greene struck with the 2^nd Division of XII Corps. Greene broke through McRae’s men, who fled under the mistaken belief that they were about to be trapped by a flanking attack. This breach of the line forced Hood’s and Hill’s men to fall back, losing their first flag of the war, to regroup in the West Woods, where they had started the day. Greene was able to reach the Dunker Church and also seized some ground in the West Woods, Hooker’s original objective, and drove off Colonel Stephen Dill Lee’s batteries. As his men entered the East Woods they presented an excellent artillery target. Mansfield was felled by a sniper’s bullet as he led the troops out of the East Woods and died later in the day. Williams of the 1^st Division assumed temporary command of the XII Corps.
Union forces now held most of the ground to the east of the turnpike. Around 10 am, XII Corps was confronted by Confederate Brigadier-General John George Walker’s division, arriving from the Confederate right. They fought once again in the area between the Cornfield and the West Woods. Walker’s men were forced back by two brigades of Greene’s division. Then Greene’s men came under heavy fire from the West Woods. A composite force of 675 Confederates under Colonel John Rogers Cooke caught Greene’s men by surprise, driving them back from the turnpike and the Dunker Church. A counter-attack by Colonel William H Irwin’s brigade of VI Corps, sent across Antietam Creek to help restore order failed to recover the Dunker Church. Hooker attempted to gather the scattered remnants of his I Corps to continue the assault, but a Confederate sharpshooter spotted the general’s conspicuous white horse and Hooker fell wounded. Command of I Corps fell to Meade since Ricketts had also been wounded. No Union general remained on this part of the field with the authority to rally the men of I Corps and XII Corps.
In an effort to turn the Confederate left flank and to relieve the pressure on Mansfield’s men, Major-General Edwin Vose Sumner’s Union II Corps was ordered at 7:20 am to send two divisions into the battle to the left of XII Corps. Brigadier-General John Sedgwick’s 2^nd division of 5,400 men was the first to ford the Antietam between the Upper and Middle Bridges. They entered the East Woods with the intention of turning left and forcing the Confederates south. They became separated from Brigadier-General William Henry French’s 3^rd Division in the East Woods. While French directed his men to reinforce the demoralised XII Corps, Sedgwick’s Division advanced alone. At 9 am Sumner, who was accompanying Sedgwick division, launched the advance in an unusual battle formation. He deployed the three brigades in three long lines, with the men side-by-side, and with only 50 to 70 yards separating the lines. This dense formation of 5,400 men was an excellent one for rapid movement but a vulnerable one for fighting. The dense mass was struck first by Confederate artillery and then from three sides by Confederate Brigadier-General Jubal Anderson Early’s brigade, which had pushed through the West Woods from the Nicodemus Farm, where they had been supporting the Confederate horse artillery. Walker’s two brigades and Major-General Lafayette McLaws’ division (which had arrived near Sharpsburg at around 7 am after a long forced march overnight from Harper’s Ferry) also moved towards the action. The Union troops were unable to manoeuvre effectively and within less than half an hour Sedgwick’s men were forced to retreat in disorder to their starting point with over 2,200 casualties.
By midday, the Union offensive was shifting more towards the centre of the Confederate line. Sumner had accompanied the morning attack of Sedgwick’s division. French, who had lost contact with Sumner and Sedgwick earlier, then headed south to the point where Sedgwick had been repulsed. French found skirmishers in his path and ordered his men onward. Sumner’s aide located French, describing the violent engagement in the West Woods and relayed an order for him to divert Confederate attention by attacking their centre on the left of Sedgwick’s division. Meanwhile, Major-General Israel Bush Richardson was moving towards French’s left with the 1^st Division of II Corps. French soon confronted the uncommitted parts of D H Hill’s division. Hill commanded about 2,500 men, less than half French’s numbers, and three of his five brigades had already been depleted during the morning’s battle for the cornfield. This sector of the Confederate line was now possibly the weakest part of the Confederate line. However, Hill’s men held a strong defensive position, along a gradual ridge and lining a sunken road worn down by years of wagon traffic and which formed a natural trench. French launched the first of a series of brigade-sized assaults against Hill’s improvised breastworks at around 9:30 am. The first brigade to attack, mostly inexperienced troops commanded by Brigadier-General Max Weber, was quickly cut down by heavy rifle fire; neither side deployed artillery at this point. The second attack, by more raw recruits under Colonel Dwight Morris, was also subjected to heavy fire but managed to beat back a counterattack by the brigade of Brigadier-General Robert Emmett Rodes. The third brigade under Brigadier-General Nathan Kimball had three veteran regiments but they also lost heavily to fire from the sunken road. In less than an hour, 1,750 of French’s 7,500 men were casualties.
Reinforcements were arriving on both sides and by 10:30 am Confederate General Robert Edward Lee sent his final reserve, some 3,400 men in Major-General Richard Heron Anderson’s division, which had arrived behind McLaws from Harper’s Ferry, Anderson marched on to bolster Hill’s line and extended it to the right, and prepared a counter-attack that would envelop French’s left flank. By this time the 4,000 men of Richardson’s (1/II) Union division finally arrived on French’s left. This was the last of Sumner’s three divisions. Richardson’s fresh troops struck the first blow. The Irish Brigade of Brigadier-General Thomas Francis Meagher spearheaded the fourth attack of the day against the sunken road. They advanced under their emerald green flags but lost severely before they were ordered to withdraw. Richardson personally dispatched the brigade of Brigadier-General John Curtis Caldwell into battle around noon and the tide turned as Caldwell found a flanking position against the sunken road. Anderson’s division had been of little help to the defenders, especially after Anderson was wounded early in the fighting. Other Confederate leaders were lost as well, including Brigadier-General George Burgwyn Anderson and his successor Colonel Charles C Tew of the 2nd North Carolina, who was killed minutes after assuming command. Their successor, Colonel John Brown Gordon of the 6^th Alabama Infantry, received four serious wounds in the fight. Rodes was also wounded but remained on the field. These losses contributed directly to the confusion of the following events. As Caldwell’s brigade advanced around the right flank of the Confederates, a command from Rodes to refuse the flank against the advance was misunderstood by Lieutenant-Colonel James N Lightfoot, who had succeeded the unconscious Gordon. Lightfoot ordered his men to march away and all five regiments of the brigade followed suit as they thought it applied to them as well. Union Colonel Francis Channing Barlow and 350 men of the 61^st New York Infantry and 64^th New York Infantry saw a weak point in the line and seized a knoll commanding the sunken road. This allowed them to get enfilade fire into the Confederate line, turning the safe haven into a death trap. This incident earned the sunken road the new name of “Bloody Lane”.
The broken Confederate troops streamed away in increasing numbers toward Sharpsburg and the line was lost. Richardson’s men began a pursuit. The emergency reserve of Colonel John Rogers Cooke arrived from their fight by the Dunker Church to bolster the line west of Bloody Lane. In desperation, D H Hill led a counterattack by a mob of about 200 men. They moved a little around the Union left flank near the sunken road, but they were driven back by a fierce charge of the 5^th New Hampshire Infantry. The counterattack failed but it had stemmed the collapse of the centre and the Union advance ground to a halt.
Lacking infantry to fill the gap properly, Confederate Lieutenant-General James Longstreet assembled artillery to stem the tide but they came under destructive artillery bombardment from across Antietam Creek. Even Longstreet and his staff dismounted to help the depleted crews in serving the guns. Richardson reluctantly ordered his division to fall back to the north of the ridge facing the sunken road. Barlow was severely wounded and then Richardson was mortally wounded. Brigadier-General Winfield Scott Hancock assumed divisional command. The change of command sapped the momentum of the Union advance. The carnage from 9:30 am to 1:00 pm in and around the sunken road resulted in about 5,600 casualties (Union 3,000, Confederate 2,600) along a frontage of 800 yards.
If the breach in this sector of the Confederate line had been exploited, Lee’s army would have been divided and risked annihilation. There were Union reserves available for the task. About 3,500 cavalrymen and the 10,300 infantrymen of Major-General Fitz John Porter’s V Corps were waiting near the Middle Bridge, just a mile away. Major-General William Buel Franklin of the VI Corps was also ready to exploit the breakthrough with his two divisions (his third had been left at Maryland Heights near Harper’s Ferry). Sumner, who was senior, ordered Franklin not to advance as he possessed the only organised troops in the northern sector of the field. Franklin appealed directly to McClellan, who left his headquarters in the rear to hear both arguments. McClellan backed Sumner’s decision, ordering Franklin and Hancock to hold their positions. Later in the day, Porter, commanding V Corps, listened to recommendations from Major-General George Sykes, commanding his 2^nd Division that another attack could be made successfully in the centre. Porter put forward the plan. The idea intrigued McClellan but he demurred in order to keep his reserve intact, so another opportunity was lost.
The action moved to the southern end of the battlefield after about 2 pm. McClellan’s plan called for Major-General Ambrose Everett Burnside and the IX Corps to conduct a diversionary attack, hoping to draw Confederate attention away from the intended main attack by Hooker’s I Corps in the north. However, Burnside was instructed to wait for explicit orders before launching his attack, and those orders did not reach him until 10 am, although they had been written instructing him to attack at 9 am. Burnside had been passive during preparations for the battle and was disgruntled after McClellan abandoned the arrangement of “wing” commanders. Implicitly refusing to give up his higher authority, Burnside treated Major-General Jesse Lee Reno (who was killed at South Mountain) and then Brigadier-General Jacob Dolson Cox of the attached Kanawha Division, as the effective commanders of IX Corps, but still issued orders to IX Corps through them.
Burnside had four divisions (12,500 troops) and 50 guns east of Antietam Creek. Facing him was a force that had been greatly depleted by Lee’s movement of units to bolster the Confederate left flank. At dawn, the Confederate divisions of Brigadier-General David Rumph Jones and Brigadier-General John George Walker had stood in defence, but by 10 am all of Walker’s men and Colonel George Thomas Anderson’s brigade had already departed for the northern front. Jones was left with about 3,000 men and 12 guns to oppose Burnside and his 12,500 men.
Four weak Confederate brigades guarded the ridges near Sharpsburg, many of them along a low plateau known as Cemetery Hill. The remaining 400 men of the 2^nd Georgia and 20^th Georgia under Brigadier-General Robert Augustus Toombs, along with two artillery batteries, were far in advance of the main line defending Rohrbach’s (later known as Burnside’s) Bridge. This was a three-span, 125-foot stone structure that was the southernmost dry crossing of the Antietam. The bridge posed a difficult challenge to the attackers. The road leading to it ran parallel to the creek and was exposed to enemy fire. The bridge was dominated by a 100-foot high wooded bluff on the west bank, strewn with boulders from an old quarry, making infantry and sharpshooter fire from their positions under cover a dangerous impediment to the crossing. Antietam Creek in this sector was seldom more than 50 feet wide and several stretches were only waist deep and out of Confederate sight and range. The commanding terrain across the creek still made crossing a difficult problem at every point. Burnside concentrated on storming the bridge while simultaneously crossing a ford McClellan’s engineers had identified a half-mile downstream. When Burnside’s men reached the ford, they found the banks too high to negotiate. Nobody tested the depth of the water but if they had done so they would have found it fordable at most points and they remained fixated on the bridge. While Colonel George Crook’s brigade prepared to attack the bridge with the support of Brigadier-General Samuel Sturgis’ division, the rest of the Kanawha Division and Brigadier-General Isaac Rodman’s division struggled through thick brush trying to locate Snavely’s Ford, two miles downstream, in order to outflank the Confederates at the bridge from the south. Crook’s assault on the bridge was led by skirmishers from the 11^th Connecticut Infantry. They were ordered to clear the bridge for the Ohioans to cross and assault the bluff. After receiving punishing fire for fifteen minutes, the Connecticut men withdrew with 139 casualties, one-third of their strength, including their commander, Colonel Henry W Kingsbury, who was fatally wounded. Crook’s main assault went awry when his unfamiliarity with the terrain caused his men to reach the creek a quarter-mile upstream from the bridge, where they exchanged volleys with Confederate skirmishers for the next few hours.
While Rodman’s division was out of touch on its way to Snavely’s Ford, Burnside and Cox directed a second assault at the bridge by one of Sturgis’ brigades, led by the 2^nd Maryland Infantry and 6^th New Hampshire Infantry. They also fell prey to the Confederate sharpshooters and artillery, and their attack failed. By this time it was noon and McClellan was losing patience. He sent a succession of couriers to motivate Burnside to move forward. A third attempt to take the bridge was made at 12:30 pm by Sturgis’ other brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General Edward Ferrero. It was led by the 51^st New York Infantry and the 51^st Pennsylvania Infantry, who, with adequate artillery support and a promise that a recently cancelled whisky ration would be restored if they were successful, charged downhill and took up positions on the east bank. Manoeuvring a captured light howitzer into position, they fired down the bridge and got within 25 yards of the enemy. The two regiments stormed across and reached the west bank. By 1 pm, Confederate ammunition was running low and word reached Toombs that Rodman’s men were crossing Snavely’s Ford beyond their right flank. Toombs ordered an immediate withdrawal.
Toombs had stalled Burnside’s assault on the southern flank for more than three hours but before long an entire Union division was across the bridge. Burnside’s officers neglected to transport ammunition across the bridge, which was becoming a bottleneck for soldiers, artillery, and wagons. This caused another two-hour delay before the advance was resumed at 3 pm by 8,000 men of IX Corps. Lee used this time to bolster his weak right flank. He ordered up every available artillery battery but he made no attempt to strengthen D R Jones’ outnumbered infantry with men from the left flank. He counted on the arrival of Major-General Ambrose Powell Hill’s division, currently making an exhausting seventeen-mile forced march from Harper’s Ferry. Hill’s division had left the town at 6.30 am, leaving one of its six brigades to mop up. About 2,000 of Hill’s 5,000 men fell by the roadside but by 2 pm, the first regiment had reached Boteler’s Ford. Hill conferred with Lee at 2:30 pm and was ordered to bring his men onto the right of Jones.
The Union attackers were unaware that the 3,000 extra men from Harper’s Ferry would soon be facing them. Burnside’s plan was to move around the weakened Confederate right flank and converge on Sharpsburg, in order to cut Lee’s army off from Boteler’s Ford, the only escape route across the Potomac. At 3 pm, Burnside left Sturgis’ division in reserve and moved west with over 8,000 troops and 22 guns. An initial assault led by the 79^th New York Infantry succeeded against Jones’ outnumbered division, which was pushed back past Cemetery Hill and to within 200 yards of Sharpsburg. There was panic in the streets of Sharpsburg as it became clogged with retreating Confederates. Of the five brigades in Jones’ division, only Toombs’ brigade was still intact, but he had only 700 men.
Farther to the left, Rodman’s division advanced towards the Harper’s Ferry Road. Its lead brigade, under Colonel Harrison S Fairchild came under heavy shellfire from a dozen enemy guns mounted on a ridge to their front, but they kept pushing forward. The first elements of A P Hill’s division entered the action at 3:30 pm. Hill divided his column, with two brigades moving southeast to guard his flank and the other three, with about 2,000 men, moving to the right of Toombs’ brigade and preparing for a counterattack.
At 3:40 pm, Confederate Brigadier-General Maxcy Gregg’s brigade of attacked the 16^th Connecticut Infantry (Colonel Edward Harland’s Brigade) on Rodman’s left flank in the cornfield of farmer John Otto. The 900 Connecticut men had been in service for only three weeks and their line disintegrated under the attack by Hill’s veterans. The 4^th Rhode Island Infantry came up on the right, but they were hampered by poor visibility amid the high stalks of corn. They were also disoriented because many of Hill’s Confederates were wearing blue Union tunics captured at Harpers Ferry. They also broke and ran, leaving the 8^th Connecticut far out in advance and isolated. They were then enveloped and driven down the hills toward Antietam Creek. Panic infected the force and those few companies that had already broken into the streets of Sharpsburg pulled back quickly. A counterattack by some regiments from Colonel Hugh Ewing’s brigade of the Kanawha Division fell short. The IX Corps still outnumbered the Confederates confronting them but Burnside was unnerved by the collapse of his left flank and ordered his men all the way back to a ridge along the west bank of the Antietam. He urgently requested more men and guns. Burnside’s men spent the rest of the day guarding the bridge they had struggled so long to capture.
The battle was over by 5:30 pm. McClellan provided just one battery to strengthen Burnside’s defence even though Porter’s V Corps and Franklin’s VI Corps remained inactive in reserve with 20,000 men – a quarter of his army. McClellan was too concerned about the threat of a counterattack by Lee to commit these troops. He demanded further reinforcements from Washington and summoned his division to return from Maryland Heights. Another division was summoned from guarding the line of communications at Frederick.
Losses for the day were extremely heavy on both sides and numbered the heaviest losses in a single day’s battle during the war. The Union had 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead, 9,540 wounded and 753 missing. Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 of them dead, 7,752 wounded and 1,108 missing. More than a quarter of the Union army and almost a third of the Confederate army were casualties. (CWSAC Decisive Battle Union Victory)

ORDER OF BATTLE: ANTIETAM, MD

Union Department of the Potomac: Major-General George Brinton McClellan
Army of the Potomac: Major-General George Brinton McClellan
Volunteer Engineer Brigade: Brigadier-General Daniel Phineas Woodbury
I Corps (Potomac): Major-General Joseph Hooker
1st Division, I Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Abner Doubleday
1st Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps (Potomac): Colonel Walter Phelps
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps (Potomac): Lieutenant-Colonel J William Hoffman
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Marsena Rudolph Patrick
4th (Iron) Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General John Gibbon
2nd Division, I Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General James Brewerton Ricketts
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, I Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Abram Duryée
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, I Corps (Potomac): Colonel William A Christian
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, I Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General George Lucas Hartsuff
3rd Division, I Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General George Gordon Meade
1st Brigade, 3rd Division, I Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Truman Seymour
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, I Corps (Potomac): Colonel Albert L Magilton
3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, I Corps (Potomac): Colonel Thomas F Gallagher
II Corps (Potomac): Major-General Edwin Vose Sumner
1st Division, II Corps (Potomac): Major-General Israel Bush Richardson
1st Brigade, 1st Division, II Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General John Curtis Caldwell
2nd (Irish) Brigade, 1st Division, II Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Thomas Francis
Meagher
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, II Corps (Potomac): Colonel John R Brooke
2nd Division, II Corps (Potomac): Major-General John Sedgwick
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Willis Arnold Gorman
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Oliver Otis Howard
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana
3rd Division, II Corps (Potomac): Major-General William Henry French
1st Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Nathan Kimball
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps (Potomac): Colonel Dwight Morris
3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Max Weber
V Corps (Potomac): Major-General Fitz John Porter
1st Division, V Corps (Potomac): Major-General George Webb Morell
1st Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps (Potomac): Colonel James Barnes
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Charles Griffin
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps (Potomac): Colonel Thomas B W Stockton
2nd Division, V Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General George Sykes
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, V Corps (Potomac): Lieutenant-Colonel Robert C Buchanan
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, V Corps (Potomac): Major Charles S Lovell
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, V Corps (Potomac): Colonel Gouverneur K Warren
3rd Division, V Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Andrew Atkinson Humphreys (arrived 18th September)
1st Brigade, 3rd Division, V Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Erastus Barnard Tyler
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, V Corps (Potomac): Colonel Peter H Allabach
VI Corps (Potomac): Major-General William Buel Franklin
1st Division, VI Corps (Potomac): Major-General Henry Warner Slocum
1st Brigade, 1st Division, VI Corps (Potomac): Colonel Alfred T A Torbert
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, VI Corps (Potomac): Colonel Joseph J Bartlett
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, VI Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General John Newton
2nd Division, VI Corps (Potomac): Major-General William Farrar Smith
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, VI Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Winfield Scott Hancock
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, VI Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General William Thomas Harbaugh Brooks
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, VI Corps (Potomac): Colonel William H Irwin
IV Corps (Potomac) (1st Division attached To VI Corps)
1st Division, IV Corps (Potomac): Major-General Darius Nash Couch
1st Brigade, 1st Division, IV Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Charles Devens
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, IV Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Albion Parris Howe
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, IV Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General John Cochrane
IX Corps (Potomac): Major-General Ambrose Everett Burnside
1st Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Orlando Bolivar Willcox
1st Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Colonel Benjamin C Christ
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Colonel Thomas Welsh
2nd Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Samuel Davis Sturgis
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General James Nagle
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Edward Ferrero
3rd Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Isaac Peace Rodman
1st Brigade, 3rd Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Colonel Harrison S Fairchild
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Colonel Edward Harland
Kanawha Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Jacob Dolson Cox
1st Brigade, Kanawha Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Colonel Eliakim P Scammon
2nd Brigade, Kanawha Division, IX Corps (Potomac): Colonel Augustus Moor
XII Corps (Potomac): Major-General Joseph King Fenno Mansfield
1st Division, XII Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Alpheus Starkey Williams
1st Brigade, 1st Division, XII Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General Samuel Wylie Crawford
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XII Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General George Henry Gordon
2nd Division, XII Corps (Potomac): Brigadier-General George Sears Greene
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XII Corps (Potomac): Lieutenant-Colonel Hector Tyndale
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XII Corps (Potomac): Colonel Henry J Stainrook
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XII Corps (Potomac): Colonel William B Goodrich
Cavalry Division (Potomac): Brigadier-General Alfred Pleasonton
1st Cavalry Brigade, Cavalry Division (Potomac): Major Charles J Whiting
2nd Cavalry Brigade, Cavalry Division (Potomac): Colonel John F Farnsworth
3rd Cavalry Brigade, Cavalry Division (Potomac): Colonel Richard H Rush
4th Cavalry Brigade, Cavalry Division (Potomac): Colonel Andrew T McReynolds
5th Cavalry Brigade, Cavalry Division (Potomac): Colonel Benjamin F Davis

Confederate Department of Northern Virginia: General Robert Edward Lee
Army of Northern Virginia: General Robert Edward LeeLongstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Major-General James Longstreet
McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Major-General Lafayette McLaws
Kershaw’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Joseph Brevard Kershaw
Cobb’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Thomas Howell Cobb
Semmes’ Brigade, McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Paul Jones Semmes
Barksdale’s Brigade, McLaws’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General William Barksdale
Anderson’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Major-General Richard Heron Anderson
Wilcox’s Brigade, Anderson’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox
Mahone’s Brigade, Anderson’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel William A Parham
Featherston’s Brigade, Anderson’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Winfield Scott Featherston
Armistead’s Brigade, Anderson’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Lewis Addison Armistead
Pryor’s Brigade, Anderson’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Roger Atkinson Pryor
Wright’s Brigade, Anderson’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Ambrose Ransom Wright
Jones’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General David Rumph Jones
Toombs’ Brigade, Jones’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Robert Augustus Toombs
Drayton’s Brigade, Jones’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Garnett’s Brigade, Jones’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Richard Brooke Garnett
Kemper’s Brigade, Jones’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General James Lawson Kemper
Jenkins’ Brigade, Jones’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel J Walker (detached)
D R Jones’ Brigade, Jones’ Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel George Thomas Anderson
Walker’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General John George Walker
Walker’s Brigade, Walker’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel Van H Manning
Ransom’s Brigade, Walker’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Robert Ransom
Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General John Bell Hood
Hood’s Brigade, Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel William Tatum Wofford
Whiting’s Brigade, Hood’s Division, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel Evander McIvor Law
Evans’ Independent Brigade, Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Nathan George Evans
Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Major-General Thomas Jonathan Jackson
Ewell’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Alexander Robert Lawton
Lawton’s Brigade, Ewell’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel Marcellus Douglass
Early’s Brigade, Ewell’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Jubal Anderson Early
Trimble’s Brigade, Ewell’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel James A Walker
Hays’ Brigade, Ewell’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Harry Thompson Hays
A P Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Major-General Ambrose Powell Hill
Branch’s Brigade, A P Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Lawrence O’Bryan Branch
Gregg’s Brigade, A P Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Maxcy Gregg
Field’s Brigade, A P Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel John M Brockenbrough
Archer’s Brigade, A P Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General James Jay Archer
Pender’s Brigade, A P Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General William Dorsey Pender
Thomas’ Brigade, A P Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel Edward Lloyd Thomas
Jackson’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General John Robert Jones
Winder’s Brigade, Jackson’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel Andrew J Grigsby
Taliaferro’s Brigade, Jackson’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel E T H Warren
J R Jones’ Brigade, Jackson’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel Bradley Tyler Johnson
Starke’s Brigade, Jackson’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General William Edwin Starke
D H Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Major-General Daniel Harvey Hill
Ripley’s Brigade, D H Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Roswell Sabine Ripley
Rodes’ Brigade, D H Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General Robert Emmett Rodes
Garland’s Brigade, D H Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel Duncan K McRae
Anderson’s Brigade, D H Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General George Burgwyn Anderson
Colquitt’s Brigade, D H Hill’s Division, Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Colonel Alfred Holt Colquitt
Artillery Reserve, Northern Virginia: Brigadier-General William Nelson Pendleton
Cavalry Division, Northern Virginia: Major-General James Ewell Brown Stuart
Hampton’s Cavalry Brigade: Brigadier-General Wade Hampton
Lee’s Cavalry Brigade: Brigadier-General Fitzhugh Lee
Robertson’s Cavalry Brigade: Colonel Thomas T Munford

Mississippi. Union Major-General Ulysses Simpson Grant, commanding the Army of the Tennessee, feared that Confederate Major-General Sterling Price intended to go north to join General Braxton Bragg against Major-General Don Carlos Buell in middle Tennessee. Grant devised a plan to strike Price before he could combine with Major-General Earl Van Dorn’s army.
Grant ordered Major-General Edward Otho Cresap Ord to advance twelve miles eastwards from Corinth to Burnsville along the Memphis & Charleston Railroad towards Iuka with his three small divisions numbering about 8,000 men. At the same time, Union Major-General William Starke Rosecrans’ Army of the Mississippi would send two divisions (Brigadier-General David Sloane Stanley’s 2^nd Division and Brigadier-General Charles Smith Hamilton’s 3^rd Division, with about 8,000 to 9,000 men in total) to march to Jacinto eight miles to the southwest in order to cut off Price’s retreat, aiming to arrive at Iuka on 18 September. As commander of the District of West Tennessee, Grant had operational control over Rosecrans’ army, which was operating within the district boundaries.
On arrival, Ord and Rosecrans were expected to combine for a coordinated attack against Iuka on 19 September. The complex plan for a two-pronged assault was actually devised by Rosecrans, who had previously been stationed in Iuka and was familiar with the area. Grant rode with Ord’s headquarters and exercised little tactical control over Rosecrans during the impending battle.

Missouri. Incident at Burnsville.

North Carolina. Operation at Shiloh began.

Tennessee. Skirmish near Durhamville.

Union Organisation

USA: Major-General Ormsby McKnight Mitchel assumed command of the Department of the South, succeeding Brigadier-John Milton Brannan.
USA: Major-General Ormsby McKnight Mitchel assumed command of X Corps (South), succeeding Brigadier-John Milton Brannan.

USA: Major-General George Gordon Meade assumed temporary command of I Corps (Potomac), succeeding Major-General Joseph Hooker.

USA: Brigadier-General Alpheus Starkey Williams assumed temporary command of XII Corps (Potomac), succeeding Major-General Joseph King Fenno Mansfield.

USA: William Starke Rosecrans was promoted Major-General USV 17 September 1862 to rank from 25 October 1862, adjusted to rank from 21 March 1862. He held concurrently the grade of Brigadier-General USA.

USA: Robert Cumming Schenck confirmed Major-General USV 17 September 1862 to rank from 30 August 1862.

USA: Stephen Augustus Hurlbut promoted Major-General USV 17 September 1862.

USA: Gordon Granger promoted Major-General USV 17 September 1862.

USA: Schuyler Hamilton promoted Major-General USV 17 September 1862 declined and unconfirmed.

USA: Joseph Jones Reynolds was reappointed Brigadier-General USV 17 September 1862.

USA: Major-General Joseph King Fenno Mansfield was mortally wounded at Antietam.

USA: Major-General Israel Bush Richardson was mortally wounded at Antietam.

USA: Brigadier-General Isaac Peace Rodman was mortally wounded at Antietam.

Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln
Vice-President: Hannibal Hamlin
Secretary of War: Edwin McMasters Stanton
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles

North Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Samuel Phillips Lee
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Samuel Francis Du Pont
West Gulf Blockading Squadron: David Glasgow Farragut
East Gulf Blockading Squadron: James Lawrence Lardner
Pacific Squadron: Charles H Bell
Western Gunboat Flotilla: Charles Henry Davis
Potomac Flotilla: Andrew Allen Harwood

General–in-Chief: Henry Wager Halleck

Department of the Mississippi: Henry Wager Halleck

• District of Corinth: William Starke Rosecrans
• District of West Tennessee: Ulysses Simpson Grant
  • Sub-District of Jackson: John Alexander Logan
  • Army of the Mississippi: William Starke Rosecrans
  • Army of West Tennessee: Ulysses Simpson Grant

Department of the Missouri: Henry Wager Halleck

• District of Missouri: John McAllister Schofield
• District of Southwest Missouri: Egbert Benson Brown
  • Army of the Southwest: Frederick Steele
• District of Northwest Missouri: Willard Preble Hall

Department of the Gulf: Benjamin Franklin Butler

• District of Pensacola: Lewis Golding Arnold
• Army of the Gulf: Benjamin Franklin Butler

Department of Kansas: James Gilpatrick Blunt

• Army of Kansas: James Gilpatrick Blunt

Middle Department: John Ellis Wool

• District of the Eastern Shore of Maryland: Henry Hayes Lockwood
• VIII Corps Middle: John Ellis Wool

Department of New Mexico: Edward Richard Sprigg Canby interim James Henry Carleton awaited

• District of Arizona: Joseph Rodman West

Department of New York: Edward Denison Morgan

Department of North Carolina: John Gray Foster

Department of the Northwest: John Pope

• District of Wisconsin: Washington Lafayette Elliott

Department of the Ohio: Horatio Gouverneur Wright

• District of Louisville: Jeremiah Tilford Boyle
• Army of the Ohio: Don Carlos Buell

Department of the Pacific: George Wright

• District of the Humboldt: Francis James Lippitt
• District of Oregon: Benjamin Alvord
• District of Southern California: George Washington Bowie
• District of Utah: Patrick Edward Connor

Department of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan

• Army of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan
  • I Corps Potomac: George Gordon Meade temporary
  • II Corps Potomac: Edwin Vose Sumner
  • III Corps Potomac: Samuel Peter Heintzelman
  • V Corps Potomac: Fitz John Porter
  • VI Corps Potomac: William Buel Franklin
  • IX Corps Potomac: Jacob Dolson Cox temporary
  • XI Corps Potomac: Franz Sigel
  • XII Corps Potomac: Alpheus Starkey Williams  temporary

Department of the South: Ormsby McKnight Mitchel

• X Corps South: Ormsby McKnight Mitchel

Department of Texas: Vacant

Department of Virginia: John Adams Dix

• IV Corps Virginia: Erasmus Darwin Keyes
• VII Corps Virginia: John Adams Dix

District of the Ohio: Don Carlos Buell

Military District of Washington: Nathaniel Prentiss Banks

Confederate Organisation

CSA: Thomas Lanier Clingman confirmed Brigadier-General PACS 17 September 1862 to rank from 17 May 1862.

CSA: Brigadier-General Lawrence O’Bryan Branch was killed at Antietam.

CSA: Brigadier-General William Edwin Starke was killed at Antietam.

CSA: Brigadier-General George Burgwyn Anderson was mortally wounded at Antietam.

Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis
Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of War: George Wythe Randolph
Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory

Military Adviser to the President: Vacant

Department of Middle and Eastern Florida: Joseph Finegan

Department of East Tennessee: John Porter McCown

• Army of Kentucky: Edmund Kirby Smith

Department of Henrico: John Henry Winder

Department of North Carolina: Daniel Harvey Hill

• District of North Carolina: James Green Martin
  • Sub-District of Cape Fear: William Henry Chase Whiting

Department of Northern Virginia: Robert Edward Lee

• Army of Northern Virginia: Robert Edward Lee
  • Longstreet’s Command Northern Virginia: James Longstreet
  • Jackson’s Command Northern Virginia: Thomas Jonathan Jackson
• Valley District: Daniel Harvey Hill temporary

Department of Richmond: Gustavus Woodson Smith

Department of South Carolina and Georgia: John Clifford Pemberton interim Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard awaited

• District of Georgia: Alexander Robert Lawton
• District of South Carolina: Roswell Sabine Ripley
  • 1^st Sub-District of South Carolina: Arthur Middleton Manigault.
  • 2^nd Sub-District of South Carolina: Johnson Hagood
  • 3^rd Sub-District of South Carolina: William Stephen Walker
  • 4^th Sub-District of South Carolina: William Stephen Walker

Department of Southwestern Virginia: William Wing Loring

• District of Abingdon: Humphrey Marshall

Trans-Mississippi Department: Theophilus Hunter Holmes

• District of Missouri: Sterling Price
• District of Arkansas: Thomas Carmichael Hindman
• District of West Louisiana: Richard Taylor
• District of Texas: Paul Octave Hébert
  • Sub-District of Houston: Xavier Blanchard Debray
• Western District of Texas: Henry Eustace McCullough
  • Eastern Sub-District of Western Texas: Xavier Blanchard Debray
  • Sub-District of the Rio Grande: Hamilton Prioleau Bee
• District of Arizona: Henry Hopkins Sibley
• District of Indian Territory: Douglas Hancock Cooper
• Defences of Pass Cavallo: John W Glenn

Western Department: Braxton Bragg

• District of the Mississippi: Daniel Ruggles temporary
• District of Southern Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana: vacant
  • 1^st Sub-District of Southern Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana: vacant
  • 2^nd Sub-District of Southern Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana: William Nelson Rector Beall
  • 3^rd Sub-District of Southern Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana: Martin Luther Smith
• District of the Tennessee: Sterling Price
• Gulf District: John Horace Forney
• Army of Mississippi: Braxton Bragg
  • Right Wing Mississippi: Leonidas Polk
  • Left Wing Mississippi: William Joseph Hardee
  • Reserve Corps Mississippi: Jones Mitchell Withers
• Army of the West: Sterling Price

Union Generals

Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission

Major-General USA

George Brinton McClellan
John Charles Frémont
Henry Wager Halleck
John Ellis Wool

Major-General USV

Asterisk indicates concurrently Brigadier-General USA

John Adams Dix
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
Benjamin Franklin Butler
David Hunter
Edwin Denison Morgan
Ethan Allen Hitchcock
Ulysses Simpson Grant
Irvin McDowell*
Ambrose Everett Burnside
William Starke Rosecrans*
Don Carlos Buell
John Pope*
Samuel Ryan Curtis
Franz Sigel
John Alexander McClernand
Lewis Wallace
Ormsby McKnight Mitchel
Cassius Marcellus Clay
George Henry Thomas
George Cadwalader
William Tecumseh Sherman
Edward Otho Cresap Ord
Edwin Vose Sumner*
Samuel Peter Heintzelman
Erasmus Darwin Keyes
Joseph Hooker
Silas Casey
Fitz John Porter
William Buel Franklin
Darius Nash Couch
Israel Bush Richardson
Henry Warner Slocum
John James Peck
John Sedgwick
William Farrar Smith
Alexander McDowell McCook
William Nelson
Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
Joseph King Fenno Mansfield*
John Gray Foster
John Grubb Parke
Christopher Columbus Augur
Robert Cumming Schenck
Stephen Augustus Hurlbut
Gordon Granger

Brigadier-General USA

Brackets indicates concurrently Major-General USV

William Selby Harney
(Edwin Vose Sumner)
(Joseph King Fenno Mansfield)
(Irvin McDowell)
Robert Anderson
(William Starke Rosecrans)
Philip St George Cooke
(John Pope)

Brigadier-General USV

Andrew Porter
Charles Pomeroy Stone
Thomas West Sherman
George Archibald McCall
William Reading Montgomery
Charles Smith Hamilton
Rufus King
Jacob Dolson Cox
Benjamin Mayberry Prentiss
Benjamin Franklin Kelley
Alpheus Starkey Williams
James Cooper
James Brewerton Ricketts
Orlando Bolivar Willcox
Michael Corcoran
Henry Hayes Lockwood
Louis Blenker
James Samuel Wadsworth
George Webb Morell
John Henry Martindale
Samuel Davis Sturgis
George Stoneman
James William Denver
Egbert Ludovicus Vielé
James Shields
John Fulton Reynolds
William Farquhar Barry
John Joseph Abercrombie
Lawrence Pike Graham
George Gordon Meade
Abram Duryée
Oliver Otis Howard
Eleazar Arthur Paine
Daniel Edgar Sickles
Charles Davis Jameson
Ebenezer Dumont
Robert Huston Milroy
Willis Arnold Gorman
Daniel Butterfield
Horatio Gouverneur Wright
William Thomas Ward
John Gross Barnard
Innis Newton Palmer
Seth Williams
John Newton
Winfield Scott Hancock
George Wright
George Sykes
William Henry French
William Thomas Harbaugh Brooks
John Milton Brannan
William Wallace Burns
John Porter Hatch
David Sloane Stanley
William Kerley Strong
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Lovell Harrison Rousseau
James Scott Negley
Thomas John Wood
Richard W Johnson
Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich Von Steinwehr
George Washington Cullum
Jeremiah Tilford Boyle
Schuyler Hamilton
George Washington Morgan
Julius Stahel
John McAllister Schofield
Thomas Jefferson McKean
Zealous Bates Tower
Jefferson Columbus Davis
James Henry Lane
John McAuley Palmer
James Abram Garfield
Lewis Golding Arnold
Frederick Steele
William Scott Ketchum
Abner Doubleday
John Wynn Davidson
Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana
David Bell Birney
Thomas Francis Meagher
Henry Morris Naglee
Andrew Johnson
James Gallant Spears
Eugene Asa Carr
Thomas Alfred Davies
Daniel Tyler
William Hemsley Emory
Andrew Jackson Smith
Marsena Rudolph Patrick
Isaac Ferdinand Quinby
Hiram Gregory Berry
Orris Sanford Ferry
Daniel Phineas Woodbury
Henry Moses Judah
Richard James Oglesby
John Cook
John McArthur
Jacob Gartner Lauman
Horatio Phillips Van Cleve
John Alexander Logan
Speed Smith Fry
Alexander Asboth
James Craig
Mahlon Dickerson Manson
Edward Richard Sprigg Canby
Grenville Mellen Dodge
Robert Byington Mitchell
James Gilpatrick Blunt
Francis Engle Patterson
Quincy Adams Gillmore
Amiel Weeks Whipple
Cuvier Grover
George Lucas Hartsuff
Rufus Saxton
Benjamin Alvord
Napoleon Bonaparte Buford
William Sooy Smith
Nathan Kimball
Charles Devens
James Henry Van Alen
Carl Schurz
Samuel Wylie Crawford
Henry Walton Wessells
Milo Smith Hascall
Leonard Fulton Ross
John White Geary
Alfred Howe Terry
Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
James Henry Carleton
Absalom Baird
John Cleveland Robinson
Truman Seymour
George Dashiell Bayard
Henry Prince
Abram Sanders Piatt
Thomas Turpin Crittenden
Maximilian Weber
Pleasant Adam Hackleman
Jeremiah Cutler Sullivan
Alvin Peterson Hovey
James Clifford Veatch
William Plummer Benton
John Curtis Caldwell
Isaac Peace Rodman
Neal S Dow
George Sears Greene
Samuel Powhatan Carter
John Gibbon
Erastus Barnard Tyler
James Birdseye McPherson
Charles Griffin
George Henry Gordon
James Madison Tuttle
Julius White
Peter Joseph Osterhaus
Stephen Gano Burbridge
Washington Lafayette Elliott
Albion Parris Howe
Green Clay Smith
William Bowen Campbell
Philip Henry Sheridan
Benjamin Stone Roberts
Alfred Pleasonton
Jacob Ammen
Joshua Woodrow Sill
Catharinus Putnam Buckingham
Fitz-Henry Warren
Morgan Lewis Smith
Charles Cruft
Frederick Saloman
James Streshly Jackson
Cadwallader Colden Washburn
Francis Jay Herron
John Cochrane
John Basil Turchin
Henry Shaw Briggs
Conrad Feger Jackson
James Dada Morgan
Johann August Ernst Willich
Henry Dwight Terry
James Blair Steedman
George Foster Shepley
John Buford
Francis Preston Blair
John Reese Kenly
John Potts Slough
Godfrey Weitzel
Gabriel René Paul
George Crook
Thomas Leiper Kane
Gershom Mott
William Rufus Terrill
Edward Ferrero
Henry Jackson Hunt
Joseph Jones Reynolds
Calvin Edward Pratt

Brigadier-General USA (Staff)

Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (Quartermaster-General)
Henry Knox Craig
Lorenzo Thomas (Adjutant-General)
James Wolfe Ripley (Ordnance)
William Alexander Hammond (Surgeon-General)

Confederate Generals

Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission

General ACSA/PACS

Samuel Cooper
Robert Edward Lee
Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Braxton Bragg

Major-General PACS

Leonidas Polk
Earl Van Dorn
Gustavus Woodson Smith
Theophilus Hunter Holmes
William Joseph Hardee
Benjamin Huger
James Longstreet
John Bankhead Magruder
Mansfield Lovell
Thomas Jonathan Jackson
Edmund Kirby Smith
George Bibb Crittenden
John Clifford Pemberton
Richard Stoddert Ewell
William Wing Loring
Sterling Price
Benjamin Franklin Cheatham
Samuel Jones
John Porter McCown
Daniel Harvey Hill
Jones  Mitchell Withers
Thomas Carmichael Hindman
John Cabell Breckinridge
Lafayette McLaws
Ambrose Powell Hill
Richard Heron Anderson
James Ewell Brown Stuart
Richard Taylor
Simon Bolivar Buckner
Samuel Gibbs French

Brigadier-General PACS

Alexander Robert Lawton
Charles Clark
John Buchanan Floyd
Henry Alexander Wise
David Rumph Jones
Henry Hopkins Sibley
John Henry Winder
Daniel Smith Donelson
Robert Augustus Toombs
Arnold Elzey
William Henry Chase Whiting
Jubal Anderson Early
Isaac Ridgeway Trimble
Daniel Ruggles
Roswell Sabine Ripley
Paul Octave Hébert
Albert Gallatin Blanchard
Gabriel James Rains
Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Lloyd Tilghman
Nathan George Evans
Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox
Robert Emmett Rodes
James Heyward Trapier
William Henry Carroll
Hugh Weedon Mercer
Alexander Peter Stewart
William Montgomery Gardner
Richard Brooke Garnett
William Mahone
Lawrence O’Bryan Branch KIA
Edward Johnson
Maxcy Gregg
Raleigh Edward Colston
Henry Heth
Johnson Kelly Duncan
Sterling Alexander Martin Wood
John George Walker
John King Jackson
George Edward Pickett
Bushrod Rust Johnson
James Patton Anderson
Howell Cobb
George Wythe Randolph
Joseph Brevard Kershaw
James Ronald Chalmers
James Johnston Pettigrew
Carter Littlepage Stevenson
Daniel Leadbetter
William Whann Mackall
Robert Ransom
John Bell Hood
Daniel Marsh Frost
Winfield Scott Featherston
Thomas James Churchill
William Booth Taliaferro
Albert Rust
Patrick Ronayne Cleburne
Samuel Bell Maxey
Hamilton Prioleau Bee
James Morrison Hawes
George Hume Steuart
William Duncan Smith
James Edwin Slaughter
Charles William Field
John Horace Forney
Paul Jones Semmes
Lucius Marshall Walker
Seth Maxwell Barton
Dabney Herndon Maury
John Bordenave Villepigue
Henry Eustace McCullough
John Stevens Bowen
Benjamin Hardin Helm
John Selden Roane
States Rights Gist
William Nelson Pendleton
Lewis Addison Armistead
Joseph Finegan
Martin Luther Smith
Franklin Gardner
William Nelson Rector Beall
Thomas Jordan
William Preston
Roger Atkinson Pryor
Henry Little
John Echols
George Earl Maney
Jean Jacques Alfred Alexandre Mouton
John Stuart Williams
James Green Martin
Thomas Lanier Clingman
Wade Hampton
Daniel Weisiger Adams
Louis Hébert
John Creed Moore
Ambrose Ransom Wright
James Lawson Kemper
James Jay Archer
George Burgwyn Anderson
Beverley Holcombe Robertson
St John Richardson Liddell
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Johnson Hagood
William Dorsey Pender
Micah Jenkins
Martin Edwin Green
Fitzhugh Lee
Harry Thompson Hays
Albert Gallatin Jenkins
William Edwin Starke KIA
William Barksdale
Edward Dorr Tracy
Matthew Duncan Ector
Edward Aylesworth Perry
John Gregg
John Calvin Brown
Alfred Holt Colquitt
Junius Daniel
Abraham Buford
William Steele
James Fleming Fagan
William Read Scurry
Allison Nelson
Francis Asbury Shoup
Joseph Robert Davis
William Henry Fitzhugh Lee