1862 March 22nd

March 22 1862 Saturday

Burnside’s Expedition to North Carolina
Peninsula Campaign
Island No 10 Campaign
Sibley’s Operations in New Mexico
Kernstown Campaign

Go to March 23 1862

Great Britain. The steamer Oreto departed from Liverpool bound for Nassau in the Bahamas. The ship was subsequently sold to the Confederates and fitted out as the commerce raider CSS Florida.

California. Expedition to Owen’s River and the Humboldt River district began.

Florida. A boat crew from USS Penguin, Acting Lieutenant T A Budd, and USS Henry Andrews, Acting Master Mather, was attacked while reconnoitring Mosquito Inlet. Budd, Mather, and three other sailors were killed.

Maryland: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, the Eastern Shore of Maryland and of Virginia, and Cecil, Hartford, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel counties of Maryland were transferred from the Union Department of the Potomac to the newly established Middle Department. This step was part of the continuing reduction of the scope of command of Major-General George Brinton McClellan. Ostensibly, the purpose was to enable McClellan to focus entirely on leading the Army of the Potomac in its decisive campaign to capture Richmond, Virginia. In reality, more and more of the troops in and around the capital at Washington, DC, were being assigned to Department commanders not reporting to or subordinated to the order of McClellan but directly to the War Department.

Missouri. Skirmishes at Little Santa Fe and Independence, as Union Colonel Robert Byington Mitchell (2nd Kansas Cavalry) tried to track down the notorious bushwhacker William Clarke Quantrill.

Missouri. Skirmish at Post Oak Creek.

North Carolina. Union Brigadier-General John Grubb Parke occupied Morehead City.

South Carolina. Reconnaissance to May River ended.

Tennessee. The Confederate Army of the West under Major-General Sterling Price crossed the Mississippi from Arkansas into Tennessee. After losing Brigadier-General Benjamin McCulloch at Pea Ridge, the army was divided into a 1^st Division under Major-General Sterling Price and a 2^nd Division under Major-General Samuel Jones. The army had been recalled from Van Buren in northwestern Arkansas after the defeat at Pea Ridge. They were ordered to reinforce General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard and the Army of Mississippi gathering at Corinth, Mississippi.

Virginia. Skirmish at Kernstown. Confederate Colonel Turner Ashby skirmished with one company of cavalry against the Union forces around Winchester. His scouts reported that Winchester was occupied by a rearguard and that Union Brigadier-General James Shields’ 1^st Division of V Corps (Major-General Nathaniel Prentiss Banks’ command in the Shenandoah Valley) had left the Shenandoah Valley along with Brigadier-General Alpheus Starkey Williams’ 2^nd Division. Union Brigadier-General John Sedgwick’s 3^rd division was reported to have already departed for Washington from Harper’s Ferry. In fact, Shields’ division had been stationed at Strasburg with orders to move north to garrison Winchester after Williams’ departure and was still present. Shields sent part of his division to a position south of Winchester and a second brigade was marching to the north, seemingly abandoning the area but in fact halting nearby to remain in reserve. Having been wounded in the cavalry skirmishing, Shields turned over tactical command of his division to Colonel Nathan Kimball, although he sent numerous messages and orders to guide Kimball.
Confederate loyalists in Winchester mistakenly informed Ashby that Shields had left only four regiments and a few guns (numbering about 3,000 men) at Winchester and that these remaining troops had orders to march for Harpers Ferry in the morning. Ashby, who had a high reputation as a reliable cavalry scout, did not verify the civilian reports and passed them on to Confederate Major-General Thomas Jonathan Jackson. Acting on the mistaken reports that only Kimball’s brigade of 3,000 men held Kernstown on the road to Winchester, Jackson ordered his division of 3,400 to 3,800 men to make a gruelling march north for 25 miles as far as Woodstock. From here he planned tp attack the Union troops at Kernstown. In fact, Jackson would find a Union force of 8,500 to 9,000 men, Shields’ entire division, in his path.
At this time, Jackson’s Division had three brigades led by Brigadier-General Richard Brooke Garnett, Colonel Jesse S Burks, and Colonel Samuel V Fulkerson. Shields’ three brigades were under Colonel Nathan Kimball, Colonel Jeremiah Cutler Sullivan, and Colonel Erastus Barnard Tyler; with a cavalry contingent under Colonel Thornton F Broadhead.

Union Organisation

USA: The Middle Department was established, comprising New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, the Eastern Shores of Virginia and Maryland and Cecil, Harford, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel counties in Maryland. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, the Eastern Shore of Maryland and of Virginia, and Cecil, Hartford, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel counties of Maryland were transferred from the Department of the Potomac. The headquarters of the Middle Department was in Baltimore, Maryland.
USA: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, the Eastern Shore of Maryland and of Virginia, and Cecil, Hartford, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel counties of Maryland were transferred from the Department of the Potomac to the Middle Department.
USA: Major-General John Adams Dix assumed command of the Middle Department

USA: The District of the Eastern Shore of Maryland was established in the Middle Department.
USA: Brigadier-General Henry Hayes Lockwood assumed command of the District of the Eastern Shore of Maryland.

USA: John Pope confirmed Major-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: Franz Sigel confirmed Major-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: John Alexander McClernand confirmed Major-General USA 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: Charles Ferguson Smith confirmed Major-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862

USA: Lewis Wallace confirmed Major-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: Henry Moses Judah confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: Richard James Oglesby confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: John Cook confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: William Hervey Lamm Wallace confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: John McArthur confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: Robert Latimer McCook confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: Jacob Gartner Lauman confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: Horatio Phillips Van Cleve confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: John Alexander Logan confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: Speed Smith Fry confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

USA: James Craig confirmed Brigadier-General USV 22 March 1862 to rank from 21 March 1862.

Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln
Vice-President: Hannibal Hamlin
Secretary of War: Edwin McMasters Stanton
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles

North Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Louis Malesherbes Goldsborough
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Samuel Francis Du Pont
West Gulf Blockading Squadron: David Glasgow Farragut
East Gulf Blockading Squadron: William McKean
Pacific Squadron: Charles H Bell
Western Gunboat Flotilla: Andrew Hull Foote
Potomac Flotilla: Robert Harris Wyman

Chairman of the War Board: Ethan Allen Hitchcock

Department of the Mississippi: Henry Wager Halleck

• District of West Tennessee: Ulysses Simpson Grant
  • Army of West Tennessee: Ulysses Simpson Grant
• District of the Mississippi: John Pope
  • Army of the Mississippi: John Pope
• District of the Ohio: Don Carlos Buell
  • Army of the Ohio: Don Carlos Buell
• District of Cairo: William Kerley Strong

Department of the Missouri: Henry Wager Halleck

• District of St Louis: John McAllister Schofield
• District of Central Missouri: James Totten
• District of Southeast Missouri: Frederick Steele
• District of Southwest Missouri: Samuel Ryan Curtis
  • Army of the Southwest: Samuel Ryan Curtis
• District of Northeast Missouri: John Montgomery Glover
• District of Northwest Missouri: Benjamin Franklin Loan
• District of Kansas: James William Denver awaited

Department of the Gulf: Benjamin Franklin Butler

• Army of the Gulf: Benjamin Franklin Butler

Middle Department: John Adams Dix

• District of the Eastern Shore of Maryland: Henry Hayes Lockwood

Mountain Department: William Starke Rosecrans interim John Charles Frémont awaited

• Cheat Mountain District: Robert Huston Milroy
• Railroad District: Benjamin Franklin Kelley
• District of the Kanawha: Jacob Dolson Cox
• District of the Cumberland: Robert Cumming Schenck
• District of the Gap: Samuel Powhatan Carter
• District of the Valley of the Big Sandy River: James Abram Garfield

Department of New Mexico: Edward Richard Sprigg Canby

• Southern District of New Mexico: Benjamin Stone Roberts

Department of New York: Edward Denison Morgan

Department of North Carolina: Ambrose Everett Burnside

Department of the Pacific: George Wright

• District of the Humboldt: Francis James Lippitt
• District of Oregon: Albemarle Cady
• District of Southern California: James Henry Carleton

Department of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan

• Army of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan
  • I Corps Potomac: Irvin McDowell
  • II Corps Potomac: Edwin Vose Sumner
  • III Corps Potomac: Samuel Peter Heintzelman
  • IV Corps Potomac: Erasmus Darwin Keyes
  • V Corps Potomac: Nathaniel Prentiss Banks

Department of the South: Thomas West Sherman temporary David Hunter awaited

• Western District of the South: Lewis Golding Arnold

Department of Texas: Vacant

Department of Virginia: John Ellis Wool

Military District of Washington: James Samuel Wadsworth

Confederate Organisation

CSA: Brigadier-General Samuel Gibbs French arrived to command the District of Cape Fear, succeeding Brigadier-General Joseph Reid Anderson.

CSA: Major-General Gustavus Woodson Smith was appointed to temporary command of the District of Aquia, arriving on 23 March 1862.

Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis
Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of War: Judah Philip Benjamin
Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory

Military Adviser to the President: Robert Edward Lee

Department No 1: Mansfield Lovell

Department of Alabama and West Florida: Braxton Bragg

• Army of Mobile: William L Powell

Department of Middle and Eastern Florida: James Heyward Trapier interim William Scott Dilworth temporary awaited

Department of East Tennessee: Edmund Kirby Smith

• Army of East Tennessee: Edmund Kirby Smith

Department of Henrico: John Henry Winder

Department of the Indian Territory: Douglas Hancock Cooper

Department of Norfolk: Benjamin Huger

Department of North Carolina: Joseph Reid Anderson

• District of Cape Fear: Samuel Gibbs French
• District of Pamlico: Robert Ransom temporary
• District of Roanoke Island: Henry Marchmore Shaw

Department of Northern Virginia: Joseph Eggleston Johnston

• District of Aquia: Robert Augustus Toombs interim Gustavus Woodson Smith awaited
• Army of Northern Virginia: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
  • Right Wing Northern Virginia: James Longstreet
  • Left Wing Northern Virginia: Gustavus Woodson Smith
  • Centre Wing Northern Virginia: Daniel Harvey Hill
• Valley District: Thomas Jonathan Jackson
  • Army of the Valley: Thomas Jonathan Jackson

Department of the Peninsula: John Bankhead Magruder

• Army of the Peninsula: John Bankhead Magruder

Department of South Carolina and Georgia: John Clifford Pemberton

• District of Georgia: Alexander Robert Lawton
• District of South Carolina: Roswell Sabine Ripley
  • 1^st Sub-District of South Carolina: Arthur Middleton Manigault.
  • 2^nd Sub-District of South Carolina: Roswell Sabine Ripley
  • 3^rd Sub-District of South Carolina: Nathan George Evans
  • 4^th Sub-District of South Carolina: Maxcy Gregg
  • 5^th Sub-District of South Carolina: Daniel Smith Donelson
  • 6^th Sub-District of South Carolina: Thomas Fenwick Drayton

Department of Southwestern Virginia: William Wing Loring

• District of Lewisburg: Henry Heth

Department of Texas: Paul Octave Hébert

• Eastern District of Texas: Paul Octave Hébert
• Western District of Texas: Henry Eustace McCullough
• Sub-District of Houston: John C Bowen
• Sub-District of Galveston: Ebenezer B Nichols
• Sub-District of the Rio Grande: Hamilton Prioleau Bee awaited
• Defences of Pass Cavallo: John W Glenn

Western Department: Albert Sidney Johnston

• Trans-Mississippi District: Earl Van Dorn
• District of North Alabama: Daniel Ruggles
• Army of Mississippi: Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
  • First Grand Division (Mississippi): Leonidas Polk
  • Second Grand Division (Mississippi): Braxton Bragg
  • Reserve Corps (Mississippi): George Bibb Crittenden
• Army of Central Kentucky: Albert Sidney Johnston
• Army of the West: Earl Van Dorn

District of Arizona: Henry Hopkins Sibley

• Army of New Mexico: Henry Hopkins Sibley

Forces in Richmond: Charles Dimmock

Union Generals

Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission

Major-General USA

George Brinton McClellan
John Charles Frémont
Henry Wager Halleck

Major-General USV

Asterisk indicates concurrently Brigadier-General USA

John Adams Dix
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
Benjamin Franklin Butler
David Hunter
Edwin Denison Morgan
Ethan Allen Hitchcock
Ulysses Simpson Grant
Irvin McDowell*
Ambrose Everett Burnside
William Starke Rosecrans*
Don Carlos Buell
John Pope
Samuel Ryan Curtis
Franz Sigel
John Alexander McClernand
Charles Ferguson Smith
Lewis Wallace

Brigadier-General USA

Brackets indicates concurrently Major-General USV

John Ellis Wool
William Selby Harney
Edwin Vose Sumner
Joseph King Fenno Mansfield
(Irvin McDowell)
Robert Anderson
(William Starke Rosecrans)
Philip St George Cooke

Brigadier-General USV

Samuel Peter Heintzelman
Erasmus Darwin Keyes
Andrew Porter
Fitz-John Porter
William Buel Franklin
William Tecumseh Sherman
Charles Pomeroy Stone
Thomas West Sherman
George Archibald McCall
William Reading Montgomery
Philip Kearny
Joseph Hooker
John Wolcott Phelps
Charles Smith Hamilton
Darius Nash Couch
Rufus King
Jacob Dolson Cox
Stephen Augustus Hurlbut
Robert Cumming Schenck
Benjamin Mayberry Prentiss
Benjamin Franklin Kelley
Alpheus Starkey Williams
Israel Bush Richardson
James Cooper
James Brewerton Ricketts
Orlando Bolivar Willcox
Michael Corcoran
George Henry Thomas
Henry Hayes Lockwood
Louis Blenker
Henry Warner Slocum
James Samuel Wadsworth
John James Peck
Ormsby McKnight Mitchel
George Webb Morell
John Henry Martindale
Samuel Davis Sturgis
George Stoneman
Henry Washington Benham
William Farrar Smith
James William Denver
Egbert Ludovicus Vielé
James Shields
John Fulton Reynolds
William Farquhar Barry
John Joseph Abercrombie
John Sedgwick
Silas Casey
Lawrence Pike Graham
George Gordon Meade
Abram Duryée
Alexander McDowell McCook
Oliver Otis Howard
Eleazar Arthur Paine
Charles Davis Jameson
Ebenezer Dumont
Robert Huston Milroy
Willis Arnold Gorman
Daniel Butterfield
Horatio Gouverneur Wright
Edward Otho Cresap Ord
William Nelson
William Thomas Ward
John Gross Barnard
Innis Newton Palmer
Seth Williams
John Newton
Winfield Scott Hancock
Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
George Wright
Isaac Ingalls Stevens
Thomas Williams
George Sykes
William Henry French
William Thomas Harbaugh Brooks
John Milton Brannan
William Wallace Burns
John Porter Hatch
David Sloane Stanley
William Kerley Strong
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Lovell Harrison Rousseau
James Scott Negley
Thomas John Wood
Richard W Johnson
Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich Von Steinwehr
Joseph Bennett Plummer
John Gray Foster
George Washington Cullum
Jeremiah Tilford Boyle
Christopher Columbus Augur
Schuyler Hamilton
Jesse Lee Reno
George Washington Morgan
Julius Stahel
John McAllister Schofield
Thomas Jefferson McKean
John Grubb Parke
Zealous Bates Tower
Jefferson Columbus Davis
John McAuley Palmer
William High Keim
James Abram Garfield
Lewis Golding Arnold
Frederick Steele
William Scott Ketchum
Abner Doubleday
John Wynn Davidson
Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana
David Bell Birney
Thomas Francis Meagher
Henry Morris Naglee
Andrew Johnson
James Gallant Spears
Eugene Asa Carr
Thomas Alfred Davies
Daniel Tyler
William Hemsley Emory
Andrew Jackson Smith
Marsena Rudolph Patrick
Isaac Ferdinand Quinby
Hiram Gregory Berry
Orris Sanford Ferry
Daniel Phineas Woodbury
Henry Moses Judah
Richard James Oglesby
John Cook
William Hervey Lamm Wallace
John McArthur
Robert Latimer McCook
Jacob Gartner Lauman
Horatio Phillips Van Cleve
John Alexander Logan
Speed Smith Fry
Alexander Asboth
James Craig
Grenville Mellen Dodge

Brigadier-General USA (Staff)

Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (Quartermaster-General)
Henry Knox Craig
Lorenzo Thomas (Adjutant-General)
James Wolfe Ripley (Ordnance)

Confederate Generals

Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission

General ACSA

Samuel Cooper
Albert Sidney Johnston
Robert Edward Lee
Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard

Major-General PACS

Leonidas Polk
Braxton Bragg
Earl Van Dorn
Gustavus Woodson Smith
Theophilus Hunter Holmes
William Joseph Hardee
Benjamin Huger
James Longstreet
John Bankhead Magruder
Mansfield Lovell
Thomas Jonathan Jackson
Edmund Kirby Smith
George Bibb Crittenden
John Clifford Pemberton
Richard Stoddert Ewell
William Wing Loring
Sterling Price
Benjamin Franklin Cheatham
Samuel Jones
John Porter McCown

Brigadier-General PACS

Alexander Robert Lawton
Charles Clark
John Buchanan Floyd
Henry Alexander Wise
David Rumph Jones
Henry Hopkins Sibley
John Henry Winder
Richard Caswell Gatlin
Daniel Smith Donelson
Samuel Read Anderson
Daniel Harvey Hill
Jones Mitchell Withers
Richard Heron Anderson
Robert Augustus Toombs
Arnold Elzey
William Henry Chase Whiting
Jubal Anderson Early
Isaac Ridgway Trimble
Daniel Ruggles
Roswell Sabine Ripley
Albert Pike
Paul Octave Hébert
Joseph Reid Anderson
Simon Bolivar Buckner
Leroy Pope Walker
Albert Gallatin Blanchard
Gabriel James Rains
James Ewell Brown Stuart
Lafayette McLaws
Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Thomas Carmichael Hindman
Adley Hogan Gladden
Lloyd Tilghman
Nathan George Evans
Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox
Robert Emmett Rodes
Richard Taylor
James Heyward Trapier
Samuel Gibbs French
William Henry Carroll
Hugh Weedon Mercer
Humphrey Marshall
John Cabell Breckinridge
Richard Griffith
Alexander Peter Stewart
William Montgomery Gardner
Richard Brooke Garnett
William Mahone
Lawrence O’Bryan Branch
Edward Johnson
Maxcy Gregg
Raleigh Edward Colston
Henry Heth
Johnson Kelly Duncan
Sterling Alexander Martin Wood
John George Walker
John King Jackson
George Edward Pickett
Bushrod Rust Johnson
James Patton Anderson
Howell Cobb
George Wythe Randolph
Joseph Brevard Kershaw
James Ronald Chalmers
Joseph Lewis Hogg
Ambrose Powell Hill
James Johnston Pettigrew
Carter Littlepage Stevenson
Daniel Leadbetter
William Whann Mackall
Charles Sidney Winder
Robert Ransom
John Bell Hood
Daniel Marsh Frost
Winfield Scott Featherston
Thomas James Churchill
William Booth Taliaferro
Albert Rust
Patrick Ronayne Cleburne
Samuel Bell Maxey
Hamilton Prioleau Bee
James Morrison Hawes
George Hume Steuart
William Duncan Smith
James Edwin Slaughter
Charles William Field
John Horace Forney
Paul Jones Semmes
Lucius Marshall Walker
Seth Maxwell Barton
Dabney Herndon Maury
John Bordenave Villepigue
Henry Eustace McCullough
John Stevens Bowen
Benjamin Hardin Helm
John Selden Roane
States Rights Gist
Martin Luther Smith