November 7 1861 Wednesday
Battle of Belmont, MO (CWSAC – Formative Battle – Inconclusive)
Port Royal, SC
Port Royal Expedition
East Kentucky Operations
West Kentucky Operations
CSA. The Confederate Commissioners James M Mason and John L Slidell sailed from Havana aboard the British steamer Trent, bound for Southampton on their diplomatic mission to assert their influence on the British government.
Kentucky. Demonstration at Columbus and Paducah began.
Kentucky. Union Major-General George Brinton McClellan sent a letter to Brigadier-General Don Carlos Buell, who was about to be appointed to command in Kentucky, to respect the constitutional rights of Kentuckians in their slave property.
Kentucky. While Union Brigadier-General Ulysses Simpson Grant was engaged at Belmont, Brigadier-General Charles Ferguson Smith demonstrated upriver at Paducah. Despite Smith’s best efforts, the Confederates were not deceived and sent reinforcements across the river to Belmont.
Missouri. Union Major-General David Hunter repudiated the unauthorised Frémont-Price convention on prisoner exchanges agreed in Missouri on 26 October 1861
Missouri. Expedition to Belmont ended.
Belmont, Missouri. During the night, Union Brigadier-General Ulysses Simpson Grant learned that Confederate troops had crossed the Mississippi River from Columbus to Belmont, to intercept two detachments sent in pursuit of Confederate partisan raider Missouri State Brigadier-General Meriwether Jefferson Thompson and, possibly to reinforce Major-General Sterling Price’s forces of the Missouri State Guard. As this movement threatened Colonel Richard James Oglesby’s brigade he decided to change his demonstration at Belmont into a full attack. Belmont was a hamlet of three shacks and was garrisoned by a single Confederate regiment, a battery, and some cavalry. The camp was commanded by Colonel James C Tappan. It was not, as Grant had believed, a staging area for Confederate troops but an observation post.
At 8.30 am, the Union force disembarked again at Hunter’s Farm concealed by timber about three miles above Belmont. This was just out of range of the six Confederate batteries at Columbus. The Columbus heavy water batteries featured 10-inch Columbiads and 11-inch howitzers and one gun, the “Lady Polk”, was the largest in the Confederacy, a 128-pounder Whitworth rifle. The two gunboats USS Lexington and USS Tyler continued onwards to engage the powerful Confederate river batteries while the troops marched overland. Leaving five companies to guard the four transport vessels, Grant advanced southward with four and a half infantry regiments, two companies of cavalry, and a six-gun field battery. They marched along the single road, labouring to clear obstructions of fallen timber that formed an abattis. A mile before the town, they formed a battle line in a cornfield. The line, from north to south, consisted of the 22nd Illinois Infantry, 7th Iowa Infantry, 31st Illinois Infantry, 30th Illinois Infantry, and 27th Illinois Infantry, intermixed with a company of cavalry. Meanwhile, Confederate reinforcements sent by Major-General Leonidas Polk had arrived at Belmont in the form of four regiments under Brigadier-General Gideon Johnson Pillow. The Confederate battle line formed on a low ridge northwest of Belmont and, from north to south, was made up of the 12th Tennessee Infantry, 13th Arkansas Infantry, 22nd Tennessee Infantry, 21st Tennessee Infantry, and 13th Tennessee Infantry, all now commanded on the field by Pillow.
Grant’s attack began at 9.00 am and pushed back the Confederate skirmish line through thick woods. For the remainder of the morning both armies, consisting of green recruits, advanced and fell back repeatedly. By 2 pm the tide was turning in Grant’s favour when Pillow’s line began to collapse, withdrawing toward Camp Johnston. The orderly retreat grew into panic and four Union guns opened fire on the retreating soldiers. After a volley from the 31st Illinois killed dozens of Confederates, the Union soldiers attacked from three sides and surged into the camp. The beaten Confederates abandoned their guns and ran towards the river, attempting to escape. Grant was at the front when his horse was shot from under him, but he mounted an aide’s horse and continued to lead the way. The Union advance overran the enemy camp and pushed the defenders under the shelter of the river bank where they were protected from the heavy guns across the Mississippi at Columbus. Grant’s inexperienced soldiers became, in his words, “demoralized from their victory.” Brigadier-General John Alexander McClernand even walked to the centre of the camp and asked for three hearty cheers. A bizarre, carnival-like atmosphere prevailed upon the troops, who were carried away by the joy of the moment, after taking several hundred prisoners and the camp. In order to regain control of his men, who were plundering and partying, Grant ordered the camp set on fire. In the confusion and blinding smoke, some wounded Confederate soldiers in some of the tents may have been accidentally burned to death, causing returning Confederates to think that prisoners had been deliberately murdered.
While the Union troops looted and burned the abandoned camp, Polk reorganised the scattered Confederate forces and the vanguard of 5,000 reinforcements from Columbus arrived below Belmont on the transports Prince and Charm. The withdrawing Union expedition was leading off its captured guns and 106 prisoners when they were attacked suddenly by the Confederate reinforcements (15th Tennessee Infantry, 11th Louisiana Infantry, and mixed infantry companies under Pillow and Colonel Benjamin Franklin Cheatham) who arrived in a position to cut off Grant’s avenue of retreat. As the Union men turned to face the Confederate reinforcements, the “Lady Polk” fired into their ranks from Columbus and several other Confederate guns opened fire. The USS Tyler under Commander Henry Walke and the USS Lexington under Commander R Stembel engaged the Confederate batteries along the Mississippi River to divert their attention.
Grant resolved to escape the impending trap and the Union forces broke through in various conditions of order and disorder. Once back at the landing, one Union regiment was unaccounted for, separated from view by the terrain. Grant galloped back to look for it but found only a mass of Confederate soldiers moving in his direction. The Union force re-embarked with six captured guns, horses, and prisoners and returned to Cairo. The abandoned regiment evaded capture, marched upstream, and was embarked later.
The Confederates retained control of Belmont and Columbus until the fall of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862 rendered them untenable. Despite the repulse and weaknesses in planning and executing his plan, Grant had proved himself an able battlefield commander, able to respond coolly to panic and unexpected events. He had also shown that he was capable of independent and aggressive leadership.
Union losses were reported as 607 (120 dead, 383 wounded, and 104 captured or missing). Confederate casualties were slightly higher at 641 (105 killed, 419 wounded, 106 captured, and 11 men missing). (CWSAC – Formative Battle – Inconclusive)
ORDER OF BATTLE: BELMONT, MO
Union Western Department: Major-General John Charles Frémont
District of Southeast Missouri: Brigadier-General Ulysses Simpson Grant
McClernand’s Brigade (Southeast Missouri): Brigadier-General John Alexander McClernand
Dougherty’s Brigade (Southeast Missouri): Colonel Henry Dougherty
Oglesby’s Brigade (Attached) (Western): Colonel Richard James Oglesby
Plummer’s Brigade (Attached) (Western): Brigadier-General Joseph Bennett Plummer
Cook’s Brigade (Southeast Missouri): Colonel John Cook
Smith’s Division (Western): Brigadier-General Charles Ferguson Smith
1st Brigade, Smith’s Division (Western): Brigadier-General Eleazer Arthur Paine
2nd Brigade (Part), Smith’s Division (Western): Colonel W L Sanderson
USS Lexington: Commander Roger N Stembel, USS Tyler: Commander Henry A Walke
Transports: Aleck Scott, Chancellor, Keystone State, Belle Memphis, James Montgomery, Rob Roy
Confederate Western Department: General Albert Sidney Johnston
First Geographical Division: Major-General Leonidas Polk
Camp of Observation, Belmont: Colonel James Camp Tappan
Pillow’s Brigade (First Geographical Division): Brigadier-General Gideon Johnson Pillow
Cheatham’s Division (First Geographical Division): Brigadier-General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham
Marks’ Brigade, Cheatham’s Division (First Geographical Division): Colonel Samuel F Marks
McCown’s Command (First Geographical Division): Brigadier-General John Porter McCown
Transports: Charm, Harry W R Hill, Ingomar, Kentucky, Prince
South Carolina. Capture of Fort Beauregard and Fort Walker. Expedition to Port Royal ended. Incident at Beaufort.
Port Royal, South Carolina, also known as Port Royal Sound, Port Royal Harbour or Hilton Head. Union Captain Samuel Francis Du Pont USN sailed past Hilton Head with his 17 warships, including the flagship USS Wabash, and attempted to silence the Confederate guns in Fort Walker and Fort Beauregard in Port Royal Harbour. The Confederate defences were commanded by Captain Josiah Tattnall CSN. Tattnall had three small boats, each fitted with a single gun, and a converted river steamer, to offer more irritation than tangible naval resistance to the massive Union fleet. The Confederate vessels had withdrawn into Skull Creek. They emerged under covering fires from Old Savannah, engaging the nearest Union ships. CSS Sampson assisted in taking off part of the Port Royal garrison while CSS Resolute evacuated the garrison at Fort Walker. CSS Resolute then landed at Pope’s Landing on Hilton Head Island and spiked the abandoned Confederate guns there.
The weather had improved and gave no further cause for delay and the Union fleet was drawn up by Du Point in two columns for the attack. The main body consisted of nine warships and one unarmed vessel. In order, they were flagship USS Wabash, USS Susquehanna, USS Mohican, USS Seminole, USS Pawnee, USS Unadilla, USS Ottawa, USS Pembina, USS Isaac Smith, and USS Vandalia. USS Isaac Smith had been forced to jettison her guns during a storm, but she would now contribute by towing the sailing vessel USS Vandalia. Five smaller gunboats formed the flanking column: USS Bienville, USS Seneca, USS Penguin, USS Curlew, and USS Augusta. Three other gunboats, USS B Forbes, USS Mercury, and USS Penguin, remained behind to protect the transports.
The lighter squadron had the starboard station while the heavier frigates and sloops formed the main line of battle. They were to follow a novel plan of attack, passing midway between the two forts, giving and receiving fire. Two miles beyond the entrance the main force would return past Fort Walker, applying its heaviest possible firepower, and then northwards again to bombard Fort Beauregard. The ships would then continue to sail in an ellipse, coming closer on each circuit to the enemy forts. While the heavy ships engaged the forts, the lighter gunboats would dismiss the Confederate gunboats.
The fight started at 9.26 am when a gun in Fort Walker fired harmlessly on the approaching fleet. Fort Walker was located on Hilton Head and had 23 guns in position. Other shots followed, the fleet replied by firing on both forts, and the action became more general. The Confederate gunboats sallied forth briefly and fired several times at the USS Wabash, before being chased away by superior force to hide in Skull Creek, three miles north of the fort on Hilton Head. The Union gunboats took up a position at the mouth of the creek and trapped them. Shells from the fleet hammered the forts, although many of them passed harmlessly overhead and landed beyond their targets. The motion of the ships also disrupted the aim of the defending gunners, so most of their shots also missed. The missiles from the forts mainly struck the masts and upper works of the vessels.
The Union fleet proceeded according to Du Pont’s orders through the first turn, but then the plan fell apart. First to leave the rotation was the third ship in the main column, USS Mohican, under Commander Sylvanus William Godon. Godon found that he could enfilade the water battery from a position safe from the enemy’s fire, so he dropped out of line. Those following him were confused so they also dropped out. Only USS Wabash and USS Susquehanna continued in the line of battle. These two ships made their second and third passes and then were joined, inexplicably, by the gunboat USS Bienville. The bombardment continued in this way until shortly after noon, when USS Pocahontas, delayed by the storm, made a delayed appearance. Her captain, Commander Percival Drayton, placed the ship in position to enfilade Fort Walker and joined the battle. Commander Drayton was the brother of Brigadier-General Thomas Fenwick Drayton, who was commanding part of the Confederate forces ashore.
Fort Walker was suffering badly, with most of the damage being done by the ships that had dropped out of the line of battle. Fire against the weaker northern face of the fort was increasingly effective and the Confederate guns on the parapet (en barbette) were gradually being dismounted by gunfire arriving from this unexpected and undefended angle. The exhausted gunners had only three guns left operational in the water battery as the Union ships began their second pass at a range of just 600 yards. At about 12:30 pm, Drayton left the fort to collect some reserves to replace the men in the fort. Before leaving, he turned command over to Colonel William C Heyward, with instructions to hold out as long as possible. When Drayton returned at 2 pm he found the men leaving the fort. They explained that they were almost out of powder for the guns, and had therefore abandoned their position.
The departure of the soldiers from the fort was noticed by sailors in the fleet, and a signal was soon passed to cease fire. A boat crew led by Commander John Rodgers went ashore under a flag of truce and found the fort abandoned. Rodgers raised the Union flag at 2.20 pm. No effort was made to further press the men who had just left the fort, so the #surviving Confederates were permitted to escape from Fort Walker to the mainland.
Fort Beauregard was located on Bay Point to the north and had 20 guns mounted. The fort had not suffered as severely as Fort Walker, but Confederate Colonel R G M Dunovant was concerned that the enemy could easily cut off his only line of retreat. When the firing at Fort Walker ceased and cheering in the fleet was heard, he realised that his own command was in greater peril from the undivided attention of the Union fleet. Rather than be trapped, he ordered the troops on Philip’s Island to abandon their positions. CSS Savannah landed a shore party of Marines to support Fort Beauregard under fire from Union warships, but the fort was lost before the reinforcements could arrive. The ship took off the garrison and departed for repairs. The garrison abandoned the fort without destroying their stores because to do so would have attracted the attention of the Union fleet. Their departure was not noted, and it was only when a probing attack by gunboat USS Seneca at sunset elicited no reply that they realised the fort was unmanned. As it was then very late in the day, raising the Union flag on Fort Beauregard was delayed until the following morning. The forts were occupied by soldiers from Brigadier-General Thomas West Sherman’s expeditionary force during the night.
Despite the large expenditure of shot and shell by both sides, casualties were light. In the Confederate forts: 11 men were killed, 47 were wounded, and 4 were missing. In the Union fleet, 8 men were killed and 23 wounded. These numbers do not include those lost in the sinking of the transport USS Governor during the voyage from Hampton Roads.
Occupation of the forts enabled the Union navy to adopt Port Royal as its primary base for operations firstly on the Sea Islands of South Carolina, and then also along the coasts of Georgia and east Florida. Located within fifty miles of Charleston, this was the third Union lodgement on the Confederate coastline and it provided the foundation for future operations along the Southern Atlantic coast.
ORDER OF BATTLE: PORT ROYAL, SC
Union Expeditionary Force (Port Royal): Brigadier-General Montgomery Cunningham Meigs, Quarter-Master General
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Flag Officer Samuel Francis Du Pont USN
USS Wabash (Flagship), USS Isaac Smith, USS Sabine, USS Ottawa, USS Seneca, USS Pembina, USS Penguin, USS Curlew, USS Pawnee, USS Susquehanna, USS Mohican, USS Seminole, USS Unadilla, USS Vandalia, USS Bienville, USS Augusta, USS B Forbes, USS Mercury, USS Pocahontas
Army Expeditionary Force (Port Royal): Brigadier General Thomas West Sherman
1st Brigade (Army Expeditionary Force (Port Royal): Brigadier General Egbert Ludovicus Viele
2nd Brigade (Army Expeditionary Force (Port Royal): Brigadier General Isaac Ingalls Stevens
3rd Brigade (Army Expeditionary Force (Port Royal): Brigadier General Horatio Gouverneur Wright.
Confederate Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida: General Robert Edward Lee awaited
District of South Carolina: Brigadier-General Roswell Sabine Ripley
Port Royal: Brigadier-General Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Fort Walker: Colonel WC Heyward
Fort Beauregard: Colonel RGM Dunovant
CSS Sampson, CSS Savannah, CSS Resolute, CSS Emma: Flag Officer Josiah Tattnall
Texas. Francis R Lubbock became Governor of Texas.
Union Organisation
Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln
Vice-President: Hannibal Hamlin
Secretary of War: Simon Cameron
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles
North Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Louis Malesherbes Goldsborough
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Samuel Francis Du Pont
Gulf Blockading Squadron: William McKean
Pacific Squadron: John Berrien Montgomery
Western Gunboat Flotilla: Andrew Hull Foote
Potomac Flotilla: Thomas Tingey Craven
General–in-Chief: George Brinton McClellan
Department of the Cumberland: William Tecumseh Sherman
Department of Florida: Harvey Brown
Department of New England: Benjamin Franklin Butler
Department of New York: Edward Denison Morgan
Department of the Ohio: Ormsby McKnight Mitchel
- District of Grafton: Benjamin Franklin Kelley
Department of the Pacific: George Wright
- District of Oregon: Albemarle Cady
- District of Southern California: James Henry Carleton
Department of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan
- District of Harper’s Ferry and Cumberland: Benjamin Franklin Kelley
- Army of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan
Department of Texas: Vacant
Department of Virginia: John Ellis Wool
Western Department: David Hunter
- District of Western Kentucky: Charles Ferguson Smith
- District of North Missouri: John Pope
- District of Southeast Missouri: Ulysses Simpson Grant
- Southern District of New Mexico: Benjamin Stone Roberts
Department of Western Virginia: William Starke Rosecrans
- District of the Kanawha: Jacob Dolson Cox
Confederate Organisation
CSA: Major-General Thomas Jonathan Jackson arrived to command the Valley District in the Department of Northern Virginia.
Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis
Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of War: Judah Philip Benjamin
Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory
Military Adviser to the President: Vacant
Department No 1: Mansfield Lovell
Department of Alabama and West Florida: Braxton Bragg
- District of Alabama: Jones Mitchell Withers
- Army of Pensacola Braxton Bragg
Department of Henrico: John Henry Winder
Department of Norfolk: Benjamin Huger
Department of North Carolina: Richard Caswell Gatlin
- District of Cape Fear: Joseph Reid Anderson
- District of Pamlico: Daniel Harvey Hill
Department of Northern Virginia: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
- District of Aquia: Robert Augustus Toombs
- District of the Potomac: Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
- Army of the Potomac: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
- I Corps Potomac: Earl Van Dorn
- II Corps Potomac: Gustavus Woodson Smith
- Valley District: Thomas Jonathan Jackson
- Army of the Valley: Thomas Jonathan Jackson
- Army of the Northwest: William Wing Loring
Department of the Peninsula: John Bankhead Magruder
- Army of the Peninsula: John Bankhead Magruder
Department of South Carolina, Georgia and East Florida: Robert Edward Lee awaited
- District of Middle and East Florida: James Heyward Trapier
- District of Georgia: Alexander Robert Lawton
- District of South Carolina: Roswell Sabine Ripley
Department of Southwestern Virginia: William Wing Loring
Department of Texas: Paul Octave Hébert
- District of Galveston: John Creed Moore
- Defences of Pass Cavallo: John W Glenn
Western Department: Albert Sidney Johnston
- First Geographical Division: Leonidas Polk
- District of Upper Arkansas: William Joseph Hardee
- District of the Indian Territory: Benjamin McCulloch
- District of East Tennessee: Felix Kirk Zollicoffer
- Army of Central Kentucky: Albert Sidney Johnston
- Army of Eastern Kentucky: Humphrey Marshall
- Western Army: Benjamin McCulloch
District of Arizona: John Robert Baylor
Forces in Richmond: Charles Dimmock
Union Generals
Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission
Major-General USA
George Brinton McClellan
John Charles Frémont
Henry Wager Halleck
Major-General USV
John Adams Dix
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
Benjamin Franklin Butler
David Hunter
Edwin Denison Morgan
Brigadier-General USA
John Ellis Wool
William Selby Harney
Edwin Vose Sumner
Joseph King Fenno Mansfield
Irvin McDowell
Robert Anderson
William Starke Rosecrans
Brigadier-General USV
Samuel Peter Heintzelman
Erasmus Darwin Keyes
Andrew Porter
Fitz-John Porter
William Buel Franklin
William Tecumseh Sherman
Charles Pomeroy Stone
Don Carlos Buell
Thomas West Sherman
John Pope
George Archibald McCall
William Reading Montgomery
Philip Kearny
Joseph Hooker
John Wolcott Phelps
Ulysses Simpson Grant
Joseph Jones Reynolds
Samuel Ryan Curtis
Charles Smith Hamilton
Darius Nash Couch
Rufus King
Jacob Dolson Cox
Stephen Augustus Hurlbut
Franz Sigel
Robert Cumming Schenck
Benjamin Mayberry Prentiss
Frederick West Lander
Benjamin Franklin Kelley
John Alexander McClernand
Alpheus Starkey Williams
Israel Bush Richardson
James Cooper
James Brewerton Ricketts
Orlando Bolivar Willcox
Michael Corcoran
George Henry Thomas
Ambrose Everett Burnside
Henry Hayes Lockwood
Louis Blenker
Henry Warner Slocum
James Samuel Wadsworth
John James Peck
Ormsby McKnight Mitchel
George Webb Morell
John Henry Martindale
Samuel Davis Sturgis
George Stoneman
Henry Washington Benham
William Farrar Smith
James William Denver
Egbert Ludovicus Vielé
James Shields
John Fulton Reynolds
William Farquhar Barry
John Joseph Abercrombie
John Sedgwick
Charles Ferguson Smith
Silas Casey
Lawrence Pike Graham
George Gordon Meade
Abram Duryée
Alexander McDowell McCook
Oliver Otis Howard
Eleazar Arthur Paine
Daniel Edgar Sickles
Charles Davis Jameson
Ebenezer Dumont
Robert Huston Milroy
Lewis Wallace
Willis Arnold Gorman
Daniel Butterfield
Horatio Gouverneur Wright
Edward Otho Cresap Ord
William Nelson
William Thomas Ward
John Gross Barnard
Innis Newton Palmer
Seth Williams
John Newton
Winfield Scott Hancock
Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
George Wright
Isaac Ingalls Stevens
Thomas Williams
George Sykes
William Henry French
William Thomas Harbaugh Brooks
John Milton Brannan
William Wallace Burns
John Porter Hatch
David Sloane Stanley
William Kerley Strong
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Lovell Harrison Rousseau
James Scott Negley
Thomas John Wood
Richard W Johnson
Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich Von Steinwehr
Joseph Bennett Plummer
John Gray Foster
George Washington Cullum
Brigadier-General USA (Staff)
Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (Quartermaster-General)
Henry Knox Craig
Lorenzo Thomas (Adjutant-General)
James Wolfe Ripley (Ordnance)
Confederate Generals
Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission
General ACSA
Samuel Cooper
Albert Sidney Johnston
Robert Edward Lee
Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Major-General PACS
Leonidas Polk
Braxton Bragg
Earl Van Dorn
Gustavus Woodson Smith
Theophilus Hunter Holmes
William Joseph Hardee
Benjamin Huger
James Longstreet
John Bankhead Magruder
Mansfield Lovell
Thomas Jonathan Jackson
Edmund Kirby Smith
Brigadier-General PACS
Alexander Robert Lawton
Milledge Lake Bonham
Benjamin McCulloch
William Wing Loring
Charles Clark
John Buchanan Floyd
Henry Rootes Jackson
Henry Alexander Wise
Richard Stoddert Ewell
David Rumph Jones
John Clifford Pemberton
Henry Hopkins Sibley
John Henry Winder
Richard Caswell Gatlin
Daniel Smith Donelson
Samuel Read Anderson
Benjamin Franklin Cheatham
Felix Kirk Zollicoffer
Daniel Harvey Hill
Jones Mitchell Withers
Richard Heron Anderson
Robert Augustus Toombs
Samuel Jones
Arnold Elzey
William Henry Chase Whiting
Jubal Anderson Early
Isaac Ridgway Trimble
Daniel Ruggles
George Bibb Crittenden
Roswell Sabine Ripley
Albert Pike
Paul Octave Hébert
Joseph Reid Anderson
Simon Bolivar Buckner
Leroy Pope Walker
Albert Gallatin Blanchard
Gabriel James Rains
James Ewell Brown Stuart
Lafayette McLaws
Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Thomas Carmichael Hindman
Adley Hogan Gladden
John Porter McCown
Lloyd Tilghman
Nathan George Evans
Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox
Philip St George Cocke
Robert Emmett Rodes
Richard Taylor
Louis Trezevant Wigfall
James Heyward Trapier
Samuel Gibbs French
William Henry Carroll
Hugh Weedon Mercer
Humphrey Marshall
John Cabell Breckinridge
Richard Griffith
Daniel Marsh Frost
American Civil War High Command 