1861 July 22nd

July 22 1861 Monday

First Bull Run Campaign

McClellan’s West Virginia Campaign

Patterson’s Shenandoah Valley Operations

USA. Union naval forces captured the schooner Enchantress, which had been captured previously by CC Jeff Davis and a prize crew put aboard under Walter W Smith. The crew were to be tried for piracy rather than held as prisoners of war.

CSA. After the “Stars and Bars” flag was confused with the Union National flag in battle at First Bull Run, Confederate General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard adopted the Battle Flag design as it was more distinctive and identifiable in action. It had a red field with a blue St Andrew’s cross carrying up to thirteen white stars.

Missouri. The Missouri convention reassembled at Jefferson City.

Missouri. Incident at Etna.

Missouri. A Union force commanded by Missouri State Brigadier-General Thomas William Sweeny attacked local Confederate troops at Forsyth (Forsythe). The Confederates were driven away and Sweeny occupied the town. Union reported two casualties and 15 Confederates.

New York. A black American called Tilghman brought the prize ship S J Waring into New York harbour, having killed three members of its Confederate prize crew on 16^th July 1861. He was feted as a hero by the city.

Virginia. The demoralised Union Army of Northeastern Virginia began to reach the defences of Washington after its defeat at Bull Run. This defeat convinced the US administration that the war would be a longer and costlier matter than had been anticipated, and measures began to be put in place for an extended conflict. Following the disaster at First Bull Run, the US administration also decided to call Union Major-General George Brinton McClellan from his victories in western Virginia to Washington, DC. McClellan would supersede Brigadier-General Irvin McDowell in command of the main Union army in the eastern theatre..

Union Organisation

Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln

Vice-President: Hannibal Hamlin

Secretary of War: Simon Cameron

Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles

Coast Blockading Squadron USN: Flag Officer Silas Horton Stringham USN
Gulf Blockading Squadron USN: Flag Officer William Mervine USN
Pacific Squadron USN: Captain John B Montgomery USN
Potomac Flotilla USN: Commander Thomas Tingey Craven USN

General–in-Chief: Winfield Scott

Department of the East: John Ellis Wool
Department of Florida: Harvey Brown
Department of Kentucky: Robert Anderson
Department of Maryland: John Adams Dix awaited
Department of Northeastern Virginia: Irvin McDowell
- Army of Northeastern Virginia: Irvin McDowell
Department of the Ohio: George Brinton McClellan
- Army of Occupation: George Brinton McClellan
Department of the Pacific: Edwin Vose Sumner
- District of Oregon: George Wright
Department of Pennsylvania: Robert Patterson
- Army of the Shenandoah: Robert Patterson
Department of the Shenandoah: Nathaniel Prentiss Banks awaited
Department of Texas: Vacant
Department of Virginia: Benjamin Franklin Butler
Department of Washington: Joseph King Fenno Mansfield
Western Department: Nathaniel Lyon interim John Charles Frémont awaited
- District of Ironton: Benjamin Gratz Brown
- Army of the West: Nathaniel Lyon

Confederate Organisation

CSA: Brigadier-General William Joseph Hardee arrived to command the District of Upper Arkansas in the Western Department.

Hardee, William Joseph | Georgia | Born 12 October 1815 Camden, Georgia | USMA 1838 26/45 Dragoons | 2^nd Lieutenant USA 2^nd US Dragoons 1 July 1838 1^st Lieutenant USA 2^nd US Dragoons 3 December 1839 Captain USA 2^nd US Dragoons 3 September 1844 Lieutenant-Colonel USA 1^st US Cavalry 28 June 1860 Resigned USA 31 January 1861 Colonel PACS Brigadier-General PACS 17 June 1861 Major-General PACS 7 October 1861 Lieutenant-General PACS 10 October 1862 Surrendered 26 April 1865 Paroled 1 May 1865 | CIA Carricitos Ranch 1846 | Died 6 November 1873 | 25 June 1861 – 10 January 1862 District of Upper Arkansas, 3 August 1861 – 26 May 1862 Forces in Missouri, 4 December 1861 – 17 December 1861 Army of Central Kentucky, 1 January 1862 – 26 February 1862 Army of Central Kentucky, 29 March 1862 – 15 August 1862 III Corps Mississippi, 6 July 1862 – 14 August 1862 Army of Mississippi, 15 August 1862 – 6 November 1862 Left Wing Mississippi, 7 November 1862 – 20 November 1862 II Corps Mississippi, 20 November 1862 – 23 July 1863 II Corps Tennessee, 30 July 1863 – 22 October 1863 Army of Mississippi, 21 August 1863 – 1 December 1863 Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, 23 October 1863 – 1 December 1863 I Corps Tennessee, 2 December 1863 – 21 December 1863 Army of Tennessee, 27 December 1863 – 30 August 1864 I Corps Tennessee, 1 September 1864 – 1 September 1864 I Corps Tennessee, 28 September 1864 – 24 February 1865 Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, 23 February 1865 – 15 March 1865 I Corps Tennessee, 9 April 1865 – 26 April 1865 I Corps Tennessee

CSA: Brigadier-General Francis Stebbins Bartow died of wounds received at First Bull Run.

Bartow, Francis Stebbins | Georgia | Born 1816 | Captain Georgia Militia 21 May 1861 Colonel PACS 8th Georgia 1 June 1861 Brigadier-General PACS 21 July 1861 posthumously unconfirmed | KIA First Bull Run 21 July 1861

Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis

Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens

Secretary of War: Leroy Pope Walker

Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory

Military Adviser to the President: Robert Edward Lee

Department No 1: David Emanuel Twiggs
- “Forces in New Orleans” “Army of Louisiana”: Braxton Bragg
Department of Fredericksburg: Daniel Harvey Hill
- District of Aquia: Daniel Ruggles
Department of Norfolk: Benjamin Huger
Department of North Carolina: Theophilus Hunter Holmes
- Defences of North Carolina: Theophilus Hunter Holmes
Department of the Peninsula: John Bankhead Magruder
- Army of the Peninsula: John Bankhead Magruder
Department of the Potomac: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
- Army of the Potomac: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
- Army of the Kanawha: Henry Alexander Wise
Department of South Carolina: Daniel Harvey Hill
Department of Southwestern Virginia: William Wing Loring
Department of Texas: Earl Van Dorn
- Defences of Galveston: John Creed Moore
Department of West Florida: Braxton Bragg
- “Forces in Pensacola”: Braxton Bragg
Western Department: Leonidas Polk
- District of Upper Arkansas: William Joseph Hardee
- Forces in Missouri: Benjamin McCulloch
Defences of Savannah: Alexander Robert Lawton
Indian Territory: Benjamin McCulloch
Forces in Richmond: Thomas Turner Fauntleroy
Army of Liberation: Gideon Johnson Pillow
Army of the Northwest: William Wing Loring

Union Generals

Major-General USA Winfield Scott 5 July 1841 to rank from 25 June 1841 General-in-Chief
Major-General USA George Brinton McClellan 14 May 1861 Department of the Ohio & Army of Occupation
Major-General USA John Charles Frémont 3 July 1861 to rank from 14 May 1861
Brigadier-General USA John Ellis Wool 25 June 1841 Department of the East
Brigadier-General USA William Selby Harney 14 June 1858
Brigadier-General USA Edwin Vose Sumner 16 March 1861 Department of the Pacific
Brigadier-General USA Irvin McDowell 14 May 1861 Department of Northeastern Virginia & Army of Northeastern Virginia
Brigadier-General USA Joseph Fenno King Mansfield May 17 1861 to rank from May 14 1861 Department of Washington
Brigadier-General USA Montgomery Cunningham Meigs 15 May 1861 Quartermaster-General
Brigadier-General USA Robert Anderson 17 June 1861 to rank from 15 May 1861 Department of Kentucky
Brigadier-General USA William Starke Rosecrans 16 June 1861 to rank from 16 May 1861
Major-General USV John Adams Dix 16 May 1861 & Department of Maryland awaited
Major-General USV Benjamin Franklin Butler 16 May 1861Department of Virginia Department of the Shenandoah awaited
Major-General USV Nathaniel Prentiss Banks 3 June 1861 to rank from 16 May 1861
Major-General USV John Charles Frémont 3 July 1861 to rank from 14 May 1861 Western Department awaited
Brigadier-General USV Nathaniel Lyon 17 May 1861 Department of the West interim & Army of the West
Brigadier-General USV Jacob Dolson Cox 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Samuel Peter Heintzelman 27 May 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Robert Cumming Schenck 5 June 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV John Pope 14 June 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Joseph Jones Reynolds 14 June 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Stephen Augustus Hurlbut 14 June 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV William Tecumseh Sherman 3 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Andrew Porter 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV William Buel Franklin 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Charles Pomeroy Stone 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Thomas West Sherman 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Benjamin Franklin Kelley 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Joseph Hooker 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV John Alexander McClernand 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Frederick West Lander 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Erasmus Darwin Keyes 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV David Hunter 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Don Carlos Buell 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Fitz-John Porter 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV George Archibald McCall 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Rufus King 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Franz Sigel 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 17 1861
Brigadier-General USV Charles Smith Hamilton 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Samuel Ryan Curtis 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Philip Kearny 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Alpheus Starkey Williams 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV William Reading Montgomery 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Israel Bush Richardson 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Benjamin Mayberry Prentiss 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Darius Nash Couch 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 17 1861
Brigadier-General USV Ulysses Simpson Grant 9 August 1861 to rank from May 17 1861
Brigadier-General USV James Cooper 12 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV Julius Stahel 12 November 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV John Wolcott Phelps 9 August 1861 to rank from 27 May 1861
Brigadier-General USV James Brewerton Ricketts April 30 1862 to rank from July 21 1861
Brigadier-General USV Michael Corcoran August 15 1862 to rank from July 21 1861
Brigadier-General USV Orlando Bolivar Willcox August 19 1862 to rank from July 21 1861
Colonel George Wright 3 March 1855 District of Oregon
Colonel Harvey Brown 14 May 1861 Department of Florida
Colonel Benjamin Gratz Brown 22 April 1861 District of Ironton
State Major-General Robert Patterson Department of Pennsylvania Army of the Shenandoah

Confederate Generals

General ACSA Samuel Cooper 31 August 1861 to rank from 16 May 1861 Adjutant-General and Inspector General
General ACSA Albert Sidney Johnston 31 August 1861 to rank from 30 May 1861
General ACSA Robert Edward Lee 31 August 1861 to rank from 14 June 1861 Military Adviser to the President
General ACSA Joseph Eggleston Johnston August 31 1861 to rank from 4 July 1861 Department of the Potomac & Army of the Potomac
General ACSA Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard 31 August 1861 to rank from 21 July 1861
Major-General PACS David Emanuel Twiggs March 22 1861 Department No 1
Major-General Leonidas Polk PACS 25 June 1861 Western Department
Brigadier-General ACSA Braxton Bragg March 7 1861 Forces in Louisiana & Department of West Florida & Forces in Pensacola & Forces in New Orleans
Brigadier-General PACS Alexander Robert Lawton 13 April 1861 Defences of Savannah
Brigadier-General PACS Milledge Luke Bonham 23 April 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Benjamin McCulloch 11 May 1861 Indian Territory & Forces in Missouri
Brigadier-General PACS William Wing Loring 20 May 1861 Department of Southwestern Virginia & Army of the Northwest
Brigadier-General PACS Charles Clark 22 May 1861.
Brigadier-General PACS John Buchanan Floyd 23 May 1861
Brigadier-General PACS William Henry Talbot Walker 25 May 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Henry Rootes Jackson 4 June 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Earl Van Dorn 5 June 1861 Department of Texas
Brigadier-General PACS Theophilus Hunter Holmes 5 June 1861 Department of North Carolina & Defences of North Carolina
Brigadier-General PACS Henry Alexander Wise 5 June 1861 Army of the Kanawha
Brigadier-General PACS Robert Selden Garnett 6 June 1861 KIA 13 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS William Joseph Hardee 17 June 1861 District of Upper Arkansas
Brigadier-General PACS Benjamin Huger 17 June 1861 Department of Norfolk
Brigadier-General PACS Thomas Jonathan Jackson 17 June 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Richard Stoddert Ewell 17 June 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Henry Hopkins Sibley 17 June 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Edmund Kirby Smith 17 June 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Barnard Elliott Bee 17 June 1861 KIA 21 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS John Clifford Pemberton 17 June 1861
Brigadier-General PACS John Bankhead Magruder 17 June 1861 Department of the Peninsula & Army of the Peninsula
Brigadier-General PACS James Longstreet 17 June 1861
Brigadier-General PACS David Rumph Jones 17 June 1861.
Brigadier-General PACS John Henry Winder 21 June 1861 Provost Marshal General
Brigadier-General PACS Richard Caswell Gatlin 13 August 1861 to rank from 8 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Gideon Johnson Pillow 9 July 1861 Army of Liberation
Brigadier-General PACS Samuel Read Anderson 9 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Benjamin Franklin Cheatham 9 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Daniel Smith Donelson 9 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Felix Kirk Zollicoffer 9 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Jones Mitchell Withers 10 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Daniel Harvey Hill 10 July 1861 Department of South Carolina & Department of Fredericksburg
Brigadier-General PACS Richard Heron Anderson 19 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Robert Augustus Toombs 19 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Arnold Elzey 21 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Samuel Jones 21 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Jubal Anderson Early July 21 1861
Brigadier-General PACS William Henry Chase Whiting 28 August 1861 to rank from 21 July 1861
Brigadier-General PACS Francis Stebbins Bartow 21 July 1861
Colonel Thomas Turner Fauntleroy Forces in Richmond
Colonel Daniel Ruggles May 1861 District of Aquia
Colonel John Creed Moore Defences of Galveston