August 4 1861 Sunday
Confederate Invasion of New Mexico
Wilson’s Creek Campaign
Missouri. Confederate Colonel Martin Edwin Green bivouacked with his Missouri State Guard division seven miles west of Athens, Missouri. While Union Colonel David Moore prepared to attack them, several of his company commanders allowed their men to visit home, reducing his strength. Moore called for reinforcements from Croton and Keokuk, Iowa, but they would not cross the river in time to participate in the engagement.
Missouri. Union Brigadier-General Nathaniel Lyon’s army was at the limit of its supplies and communications near the border of Arkansas. He learned that Confederates in increasing strength were encamped nearby at Cowskin Prairie. He decided, after hearing that the Confederates outnumbered him by 20,000 men to 6,000, to retreat to Springfield. The Confederates outnumbered Lyon’s force but they actually had about 12,000 men, who were largely ill-trained and poorly-equipped, led by commanders divided by personal rivalry.
Virginia. As Union Major-General George Brinton McClellan began to bring organisation and discipline to the Union Army of Northeastern Virginia. The infantry was now organised into twelve brigades and McClellan reviewed the commanders of his growing force.
Union Organisation
Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln
Vice-President: Hannibal Hamlin
Secretary of War: Simon Cameron
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles
- Coast Blockading Squadron USN: Flag Officer Silas Horton Stringham USN
- Gulf Blockading Squadron USN: Flag Officer William Mervine USN
- Pacific Squadron USN: Captain John B Montgomery USN
- Potomac Flotilla USN: Commander Thomas Tingey Craven USN
General–in-Chief: Winfield Scott
- Military Division (Department) of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan
- Department of Northeastern Virginia: Irvin McDowell
- Army of the Potomac: Irvin McDowell
- Department of Washington: Joseph King Fenno Mansfield
- Department of Northeastern Virginia: Irvin McDowell
- Department of the East: John Ellis Wool
- Department of Florida: Harvey Brown
- Department of Kentucky: Robert Anderson
- Department of the Ohio: William Starke Rosecrans
- Cheat Mountain District: Joseph Jones Reynolds
- Cheat River District: Charles J Biddle
- District of Grafton: Benjamin Franklin Kelley
- Army of Occupation: William Starke Rosecrans
- Department of the Pacific: Edwin Vose Sumner
- District of Oregon: George Wright
- Department of Pennsylvania: John Adams Dix
- Army of the Shenandoah: Vacant
- Department of the Shenandoah: Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
- Department of Texas: Vacant
- Department of Virginia: Benjamin Franklin Butler
- Western Department: John Charles Frémont
- District of Ironton: Benjamin Gratz Brown
- District of North Missouri: John Pope
- Army of the West: Nathaniel Lyon
Confederate Organisation
CSA: The Forces in Missouri was discontinued and incorporated into the Western Army.
CSA: The “Western Army” was established unofficially in the Western Department, comprising the former Forces in Missouri.
CSA: Brigadier-General Benjamin McCulloch assumed command of the “Western Army”.
McCulloch, Benjamin | Tennessee | Born 11 November 1811 Rutherford, Tennessee | 2nd Lieutenant Army of Texas 1835 1st Lieutenant Army of Texas 21 April 1836 1st Lieutenant Texas Rangers 1838-1839 Army of Texas 1842-1845 Captain USV 1st Texas Cavalry 1846 Major USV 1st Texas Cavalry 1847-1848 Colonel PACS Texas Cavalry 14 February 1861 Brigadier-General PACS 11 May 1861 | CIA Ciudad Mier 1842 | KIA Pea Ridge 7 March 1862 | 13 May 1861 – 9 September 1861 Indian Territory, 2 July 1861 – 2 August 1861 Forces in Missouri, 4 August 1861 – 19 January 1862 Western Army, 10 September 1861 – 21 November 1861 District of the Indian Territory
Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis
Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of War: Leroy Pope Walker
Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory
Military Adviser to the President: Robert Edward Lee
- Department No 1: David Emanuel Twiggs
- “Forces in New Orleans” “Army of Louisiana”: Braxton Bragg
- Department of Fredericksburg: Daniel Harvey Hill
- District of Aquia: Daniel Ruggles
- Department of Norfolk: Benjamin Huger
- Department of North Carolina: Theophilus Hunter Holmes
- Defences of North Carolina: Theophilus Hunter Holmes
- Department of the Peninsula: John Bankhead Magruder
- Army of the Peninsula: John Bankhead Magruder
- Department of the Potomac: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
- Army of the Potomac: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
- Department of South Carolina: Daniel Harvey Hill
- Department of Southwestern Virginia: William Wing Loring
- Department of Texas: Earl Van Dorn
- Defences of Galveston: John Creed Moore
- Department of West Florida: Braxton Bragg
- “Forces in Pensacola”: Braxton Bragg
- Western Department: Leonidas Polk
- District of Upper Arkansas: William Joseph Hardee
- Western Army: Benjamin McCulloch
- District of East Tennessee: Felix Kirk Zollicoffer
- Defences of Savannah: Alexander Robert Lawton
- Indian Territory: Benjamin McCulloch
- Forces in Richmond: Thomas Turner Fauntleroy
- Army of the Kanawha: Henry Alexander Wise
- Army of Liberation: Gideon Johnson Pillow
- Army of the Northwest: William Wing Loring
Union Generals
- Major-General USA Winfield Scott 5 July 1841 to rank from 25 June 1841 General-in-Chief
- Major-General USA George Brinton McClellan 14 May 1861 Military Division (Department) of the Potomac
- Major-General USA John Charles Frémont 3 July 1861 to rank from 14 May 1861 Western Department
- Brigadier-General USA John Ellis Wool 25 June 1841 Department of the East
- Brigadier-General USA William Selby Harney 14 June 1858
- Brigadier-General USA Edwin Vose Sumner 16 March 1861 Department of the Pacific
- Brigadier-General USA Irvin McDowell 14 May 1861 Department of Northeastern Virginia & Army of the Potomac
- Brigadier-General USA Joseph Fenno King Mansfield 17 May 1861 to rank from May 14 1861 Department of Washington
- Brigadier-General USA Montgomery Cunningham Meigs 15 May 1861 Quartermaster-General
- Brigadier-General USA Robert Anderson 17 June 1861 to rank from 15 May 1861 Department of Kentucky
- Brigadier-General USA William Starke Rosecrans 16 June 1861 to rank from 16 May 1861 Department of the Ohio & Army of Occupation
- Brigadier-General USA Henry Knox Craig August 3 1861
- Brigadier-General USA Lorenzo Thomas 5 August 1861 to rank from 3 August 1861 Adjutant General
- Brigadier-General USA James Wolfe Ripley 10 September 1861 to rank from 3 August 1861 Chief of Ordnance
- Major-General USV John Adams Dix 16 May 1861 Department of Pennsylvania
- Major-General USV Benjamin Franklin Butler 16 May 1861 Department of Virginia
- Major-General USV Nathaniel Prentiss Banks 3 June 1861 to rank from 16 May 1861 Department of the Shenandoah
- Brigadier-General USV Nathaniel Lyon 17 May 1861 Army of the West
- Brigadier-General USV Jacob Dolson Cox 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Samuel Peter Heintzelman 27 May 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Robert Cumming Schenck 5 June 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV John Pope 14 June 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861 District of North Missouri
- Brigadier-General USV Joseph Jones Reynolds 14 June 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861 Cheat Mountain District
- Brigadier-General USV Stephen Augustus Hurlbut 14 June 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV William Tecumseh Sherman 3 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Andrew Porter 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV William Buel Franklin 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Charles Pomeroy Stone 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Thomas West Sherman 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Benjamin Franklin Kelley 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861 District of Grafton
- Brigadier-General USV Joseph Hooker 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV John Alexander McClernand 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Frederick West Lander 6 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Erasmus Darwin Keyes 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV David Hunter 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Don Carlos Buell 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Fitz-John Porter 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV George Archibald McCall 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Rufus King 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Franz Sigel 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Charles Smith Hamilton 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Samuel Ryan Curtis 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Philip Kearny 7 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Alpheus Starkey Williams 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV William Reading Montgomery 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Israel Bush Richardson 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Benjamin Mayberry Prentiss 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Darius Nash Couch 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Ulysses Simpson Grant 9 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV James Cooper 12 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Julius Stahel 12 November 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV John Wolcott Phelps 9 August 1861 to rank from 27 May 1861
- Brigadier-General USV James Brewerton Ricketts April 30 1862 to rank from July 21 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Michael Corcoran August 15 1862 to rank from July 21 1861
- Brigadier-General USV Orlando Bolivar Willcox August 19 1862 to rank from July 21 1861
- Brigadier-General USV George Henry Thomas 17 August 1861 to rank from 3 August 1861
- Colonel George Wright 3 March 1855 District of Oregon
- Colonel Harvey Brown 14 May 1861 Department of Florida
- Colonel Benjamin Gratz Brown 22 April 1861 District of Ironton
- Colonel Charles J Biddle 21 June 1861 Cheat River District
Confederate Generals
- General ACSA Samuel Cooper 31 August 1861 to rank from 16 May 1861 Adjutant-General and Inspector General
- General ACSA Albert Sidney Johnston 31 August 1861 to rank from 30 May 1861
- General ACSA Robert Edward Lee 31 August 1861 to rank from 14 June 1861 Military Adviser to the President
- General ACSA Joseph Eggleston Johnston 31 August 1861 to rank from 4 July 1861 Department of the Potomac & Army of the Potomac
- General ACSA Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard 31 August 1861 to rank from 21 July 1861
- Major-General PACS David Emanuel Twiggs March 22 1861 Department No 1
- Major-General Leonidas Polk PACS 25 June 1861 Western Department
- Brigadier-General ACSA Braxton Bragg March 7 1861 Forces in Louisiana & Department of West Florida & Forces in Pensacola & Forces in New Orleans
- Brigadier-General PACS Alexander Robert Lawton 13 April 1861 Defences of Savannah
- Brigadier-General PACS Milledge Luke Bonham 23 April 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Benjamin McCulloch 11 May 1861 Indian Territory & Western Army
- Brigadier-General PACS William Wing Loring 20 May 1861 Department of Southwestern Virginia & Army of the Northwest
- Brigadier-General PACS Charles Clark 22 May 1861.
- Brigadier-General PACS John Buchanan Floyd 23 May 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS William Henry Talbot Walker 25 May 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Henry Rootes Jackson 4 June 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Earl Van Dorn 5 June 1861 Department of Texas
- Brigadier-General PACS Theophilus Hunter Holmes 5 June 1861 Department of North Carolina & Defences of North Carolina
- Brigadier-General PACS Henry Alexander Wise 5 June 1861 Army of the Kanawha
- Brigadier-General PACS Robert Selden Garnett 6 June 1861 KIA 13 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS William Joseph Hardee 17 June 1861 District of Upper Arkansas
- Brigadier-General PACS Benjamin Huger 17 June 1861 Department of Norfolk
- Brigadier-General PACS Thomas Jonathan Jackson 17 June 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Richard Stoddert Ewell 17 June 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Henry Hopkins Sibley 17 June 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Edmund Kirby Smith 17 June 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Barnard Elliott Bee 17 June 1861 DOW 22 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS John Clifford Pemberton 17 June 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS John Bankhead Magruder 17 June 1861 Department of the Peninsula & Army of the Peninsula
- Brigadier-General PACS James Longstreet 17 June 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS David Rumph Jones 17 June 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS John Henry Winder 21 June 1861 Provost Marshal General
- Brigadier-General PACS Richard Caswell Gatlin 13 August 1861 to rank from 8 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Gideon Johnson Pillow 9 July 1861 Army of Liberation
- Brigadier-General PACS Samuel Read Anderson 9 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Benjamin Franklin Cheatham 9 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Daniel Smith Donelson 9 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Felix Kirk Zollicoffer 9 July 1861 District of East Tennessee
- Brigadier-General PACS Jones Mitchell Withers 10 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Daniel Harvey Hill 10 July 1861 Department of South Carolina & Department of Fredericksburg
- Brigadier-General PACS Richard Heron Anderson 19 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Robert Augustus Toombs 19 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Arnold Elzey 21 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Samuel Jones 21 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Jubal Anderson Early July 21 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS William Henry Chase Whiting 28 August 1861 to rank from 21 July 1861
- Brigadier-General PACS Francis Stebbins Bartow 21 July 1861 DOW 22 July 1861
- Colonel Thomas Turner Fauntleroy Forces in Richmond
- Colonel Daniel Ruggles May 1861 District of Aquia
- Colonel John Creed Moore Defences of Galveston
